Finally -- Texans Can Open-Carry Without Government Intervention

More guns is certainly not the answer to gun crime.
And where did you get all of this? A gun site?

It's not more guns, it's more people carrying guns that will help reduce gun crimes. Having a gun in your dresser drawer is great when you're home, but it doesn't do you or anybody else much good out in public.
Carrying it in public is not doing any good. It only brings more problems.

Like what?
People shooting at each other. Are you really this stupid?
Yes, it is usually good guys with guns preventing mass shootings.

It has been decades but while I was living in Florida, a guy entered a popular restaurant at lunchtime, filled with patrons, with intent to avail himself of the cash in the register. He loudly began threatening the cashier at gunpoint, when two patrons stood up and ended his miserable existence on earth with a few well placed rounds of their own.

Would you hold up an establishment knowing that a good number of the others present were packing heat? Unless you are a moron, you would be very hesitant I am sure!
This guy did it. Does that answer your stupid question?
He was not from Florida and unfamiliar with the ways and means of our armed citizenry. I don't think he anticipated assuming room temperature because of his actions.
So people having guns do not stop trouble. Thank you.
 
More guns is certainly not the answer to gun crime.
And where did you get all of this? A gun site?

It's not more guns, it's more people carrying guns that will help reduce gun crimes. Having a gun in your dresser drawer is great when you're home, but it doesn't do you or anybody else much good out in public.
Carrying it in public is not doing any good. It only brings more problems.

Like what?
People shooting at each other. Are you really this stupid?
Yes, it is usually good guys with guns preventing mass shootings.

It has been decades but while I was living in Florida, a guy entered a popular restaurant at lunchtime, filled with patrons, with intent to avail himself of the cash in the register. He loudly began threatening the cashier at gunpoint, when two patrons stood up and ended his miserable existence on earth with a few well placed rounds of their own.

Would you hold up an establishment knowing that a good number of the others present were packing heat? Unless you are a moron, you would be very hesitant I am sure!
This guy did it. Does that answer your stupid question?
He was not from Florida and unfamiliar with the ways and means of our armed citizenry. I don't think he anticipated assuming room temperature because of his actions.
So people having guns do not stop trouble. Thank you.
More guns is certainly not the answer to gun crime.
And where did you get all of this? A gun site?

It's not more guns, it's more people carrying guns that will help reduce gun crimes. Having a gun in your dresser drawer is great when you're home, but it doesn't do you or anybody else much good out in public.
Carrying it in public is not doing any good. It only brings more problems.

Like what?
People shooting at each other. Are you really this stupid?
Yes, it is usually good guys with guns preventing mass shootings.

It has been decades but while I was living in Florida, a guy entered a popular restaurant at lunchtime, filled with patrons, with intent to avail himself of the cash in the register. He loudly began threatening the cashier at gunpoint, when two patrons stood up and ended his miserable existence on earth with a few well placed rounds of their own.

Would you hold up an establishment knowing that a good number of the others present were packing heat? Unless you are a moron, you would be very hesitant I am sure!
This guy did it. Does that answer your stupid question?
He was not from Florida and unfamiliar with the ways and means of our armed citizenry. I don't think he anticipated assuming room temperature because of his actions.
So people having guns do not stop trouble. Thank you.
Are you that fucked in the head? The perp did not rob that restaurant, and will never rob or even attempt to rob another one. That stopped trouble in my book and anyone else's that has an IQ above room temperature.
 
So people having guns do not stop trouble. Thank you.

People with guns use their firearms between 1 million to 4 million times every year, depending on who's number you subscribe to. But I'll use the politically unbiased source of the FBI, who's statistics show Americans use their firearms to stop attacks and crimes over a million times a year.

Without those people who use their guns, that would mean an additional million or so crimes would be added to the crimes we already have. Anybody that thinks guns don't stop trouble never looked into the subject.
 
People shooting at each other. Are you really this stupid?

Statistics show that CCW holders are the most law abiding people in our country. We even have less crime than police officers.

If a CCW holder uses a gun, it's to stop an attack on themselves or others. What you are suggesting is that only the criminal have the guns. That's what's stupid.
 
In many places, a "bar" is, legally, any place that serves alcohol-even if it's actually nothing more than a restaurant with a liquor license.

We had the same law in our state, and then they changed it. Now any armed person can go to a place where alcohol is served, and providing they are not drinking any alcohol, are legally allowed to carry their firearm.

That was several years ago, and since then, no problems.
 
Carrying it in public is not doing any good. It only brings more problems.

No, it prevents problems.

I don't know what gun-free country you live in, but if a man sees a woman walking alone on the street at night where you live and wants to rob or rape her, he has little worries about resistance. In the United States, if a guy here is thinking the same thing, he has to consider if it's worth dying for, because that short 100 lbs girl may just be packing a .357 with hollow points.

The only way to control crime is with a strong enough deterrent. Death is about the strongest deterrent you can offer to a criminal.
 

"House Bill 1927 would nix the requirement for Texas residents to obtain a license to carry handguns if they’re not prohibited by state or federal law from possessing a gun. The Republican-led effort to allow Texans to carry handguns without any kind of license cleared what is likely its biggest remaining hurdle in the Capitol on Wednesday. This bill, to me, is a restoration of the belief in and trust of our citizens,” said state Sen. Charles Schwertner, R-Georgetown, who is carrying the legislation in the upper chamber. Also, Texas does not require a license to openly carry a rifle in public."

That Texas Senator is absolutely right -- Texans can have trust in their fellow ciztizens that they will do the right thing -- there is no need for big government to license you and make you jump thru all kinds of hoops just to exercise your constitutional right.....before, you had to not just pay for a concealed carry license, you had to go thru training and all of this other crap....that is basically tyranny.....Besides, what do they expect?? That any and everybody is going to feel they can open carry a weapon anywhere they want? They were going to do that anyway, no need to put all of these cumbersome restrictions on the rest of us.....it's not like voting or anything....now that would be really dangerous....

It hasn't passed yet, but I hope it does soon. Texas will join 17 other states that don't infringe on their citizens' civil rights.

Thankfully, the vast majority of folks shooting each other occurs in places run by people exactly like you.
It was signed into law yesterday and goes into effect September 1st.
 
GO TEXAS! :salute:
The proof of this being a wise move for Texas will start to be proven no later than Friday night!

Then on Saturday morning Texans will wake up hearing the news of how the night was kept so quiet and peaceful by 'good' gun owners in the bars and taverns.
Will the libruls then learn to stfu?
Alcohol and handguns are such a good combination.
Anyone with any criminal record should not be allowed to conceal
Since when do criminals obey the law?
 
Likely not going to make any difference in Texas. Bad people who shoot their fellow Americans are 'good' people with guns until they start shooting people. Every gun owner is a potential killer.

Maybe one way to screen out the good people wanting to own guns from the 'bad' would be to ask them one simple question before allowing them to start building an arsenal.

Do you intend to shoot at human silouette targets?

Screwball.... Everybody that owns a screwdriver, a baseball bat or a golf club is a potential killer. The rot that has infested your brain and therefore removed your powers of reasoning.. is even more of a potential killer.
 
So people having guns do not stop trouble. Thank you.

People with guns use their firearms between 1 million to 4 million times every year, depending on who's number you subscribe to. But I'll use the politically unbiased source of the FBI, who's statistics show Americans use their firearms to stop attacks and crimes over a million times a year.

Without those people who use their guns, that would mean an additional million or so crimes would be added to the crimes we already have. Anybody that thinks guns don't stop trouble never looked into the subject.
The pro-gun lobby has been reciting those numbers for a while (Wayne LaPierre famously invoked it after Newtown), but there is a lot LOT of debate whether the 90s-era studies that are the bases for even the lowest number you give are reliable. There are more recent studies that put numbers in the 100s instead of the millions, so who knows.

But as long as we're going with the federal government, the FBI doesn't keep track of crimes prevented by handguns. The farthest they go is the amount of justifiable homicides by private citizens using a gun, which in 2016 was all of 331. They don't keep track of deterrents in which no one is killed.

The Bureau of Justice Statistics (DOJ) used data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (a federal study done by the Census Bureau) and came up with about 71,000 cases of defensive gun use per year from 2007-2011.
 
The N
So people having guns do not stop trouble. Thank you.

People with guns use their firearms between 1 million to 4 million times every year, depending on who's number you subscribe to. But I'll use the politically unbiased source of the FBI, who's statistics show Americans use their firearms to stop attacks and crimes over a million times a year.

Without those people who use their guns, that would mean an additional million or so crimes would be added to the crimes we already have. Anybody that thinks guns don't stop trouble never looked into the subject.
The pro-gun lobby has been reciting those numbers for a while (Wayne LaPierre famously invoked it after Newtown), but there is a lot LOT of debate whether the 90s-era studies that are the bases for even the lowest number you give are reliable. There are more recent studies that put numbers in the 100s instead of the millions, so who knows.

But as long as we're going with the federal government, the FBI doesn't keep track of crimes prevented by handguns. The farthest they go is the amount of justifiable homicides by private citizens using a gun, which in 2016 was all of 331. They don't keep track of deterrents in which no one is killed.

The Bureau of Justice Statistics (DOJ) used data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (a federal study done by the Census Bureau) and came up with about 71,000 cases of defensive gun use per year from 2007-2011.

The National Crime Victimization Survey is the least reliable of all the gun studies on gun self defense.....they never ask the respondents if they used a gun for self defense, yet even then, they came out with about 80,000 defensive gun uses......without the word "Gun," in their questions......

5 The Use of Firearms to Defend Against Criminals | Firearms and Violence: A Critical Review | The National Academies Press

Coverage

Perhaps the most obvious explanation for the wide variation in the range of DGU estimates is that the surveys measure different variables. In the NSDS, for example, all respondents are asked the gun use questions. In contrast, the NCVS inquires only about use among persons who claim to be victims of rape, assault, burglary, personal and household larceny, and car theft.

The NCVS excludes preemptive uses of firearms, uses that occur in crimes not screened for in the survey (e.g., commercial robbery, trespassing, and arson), and uses for crimes not revealed by respondents.1


McDowall et al. (2000) found some evidence that these differences in coverage play an important role. In an experimental survey that overrepresents firearms owners, 3,006 respondents were asked both sets of questions about defensive gun use, with random variation in which questions came first in the interview. By holding the survey sampling procedures constant (e.g., consistent confidentiality concerns and recall periods), the authors focus on the effects of questionnaire content. Overall, in this experiment, the NCVS survey items yielded three times fewer reports of defensive gun use than questionnaires that ask all respondents about defensive uses.
The McDowall et al. (2000) crossover experiment is informative and is exactly the type of methodological research that will begin to explain the sharp divergence in gun use estimates and how best to measure defensive gun use. There remains, however, much work to be done. The sample used

1 It is well known, for example, that incidents of rape and domestic violence are substantially underreported in the NCVS (National Research Council, 2003).

---------------

The literature speculates widely on the nature of reporting errors in the firearms use surveys.5 Some argue that reporting errors cause the estimates derived from the NCVS to be biased downward.6 Kleck and Gertz (1995) and Kleck (2001a), for example, speculate that NCVS respondents doubting the legality of their behaviors or more generally fearing government intrusion may be inclined to provide false reports to government officials conducting nonanonymous interviews.



Furthermore, Smith (1997) notes that NCVS respondents are not directly asked about firearms use but instead are first asked whether they defended themselves, and then they are asked to describe in what ways. Indirect questions may lead to incomplete answers.

6
6 Kleck argues that the NCVS is well designed and uses state-of-the-art survey sampling techniques for measuring victimization, but for exactly those reasons it is not well designed for measuring defensive gun use.
-----------


Replication and Recommendations

As indicated above, the estimated numbers of defensive gun uses found using the NSDS have been reproduced (i.e., are statistically indistinguishable) in many other surveys. Kleck (2001a:270) suggests that replication provides ample evidence of the validity of the findings in the NSDS survey:



The hypothesis that many Americans use guns for self-protection each year has been repeatedly subjected to empirical test, using the only feasible method for doing so, survey of representative samples of the populations.



The results of nineteen consecutive surveys unanimously indicate that each year huge numbers of Americans (700,000 or more) use guns for self-protection.


Further, the more technically sound the survey, the higher the defensive gun use estimates. The entire body of evidence cannot be rejected based on the speculation that all surveys share biases that, on net, cause an over estimation of defensive gun use frequency because, ignoring fallacious reasoning, there is no empirical evidence to support this novel theory. At this point, it is fair to say that no intellectually serious challenge has been mounted to the case for defensive gun use being very frequent.
 
So people having guns do not stop trouble. Thank you.

People with guns use their firearms between 1 million to 4 million times every year, depending on who's number you subscribe to. But I'll use the politically unbiased source of the FBI, who's statistics show Americans use their firearms to stop attacks and crimes over a million times a year.

Without those people who use their guns, that would mean an additional million or so crimes would be added to the crimes we already have. Anybody that thinks guns don't stop trouble never looked into the subject.
The pro-gun lobby has been reciting those numbers for a while (Wayne LaPierre famously invoked it after Newtown), but there is a lot LOT of debate whether the 90s-era studies that are the bases for even the lowest number you give are reliable. There are more recent studies that put numbers in the 100s instead of the millions, so who knows.

But as long as we're going with the federal government, the FBI doesn't keep track of crimes prevented by handguns. The farthest they go is the amount of justifiable homicides by private citizens using a gun, which in 2016 was all of 331. They don't keep track of deterrents in which no one is killed.

The Bureau of Justice Statistics (DOJ) used data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (a federal study done by the Census Bureau) and came up with about 71,000 cases of defensive gun use per year from 2007-2011.


The National Crime Victimization Survey....

The Daily Kos on why the NCVS is wrong...
Defensive Gun Use Part III - The National Crime Victimization Study

The disadvantages of this study design are:
1) the study is not specifically designed to measure DGUs;

2) the study does not track every type of crime;

3) the study does not ask every interviewee about episodes of DGU;

4) interviewees are not specifically asked about defending themselves with a gun;

5) follow-up studies have demonstrated that the incidence of assault (and especially assaults by relatives and non-strangers) in the NCVS is under-reported, and if crime is under-reported then so too will DGUs be under-reported;

6) respondents’ anonymity is not preserved, and some interviewees may therefore feel wary or unwilling to discuss gun use with federal government employees.
 
So people having guns do not stop trouble. Thank you.

People with guns use their firearms between 1 million to 4 million times every year, depending on who's number you subscribe to. But I'll use the politically unbiased source of the FBI, who's statistics show Americans use their firearms to stop attacks and crimes over a million times a year.

Without those people who use their guns, that would mean an additional million or so crimes would be added to the crimes we already have. Anybody that thinks guns don't stop trouble never looked into the subject.
The pro-gun lobby has been reciting those numbers for a while (Wayne LaPierre famously invoked it after Newtown), but there is a lot LOT of debate whether the 90s-era studies that are the bases for even the lowest number you give are reliable. There are more recent studies that put numbers in the 100s instead of the millions, so who knows.

But as long as we're going with the federal government, the FBI doesn't keep track of crimes prevented by handguns. The farthest they go is the amount of justifiable homicides by private citizens using a gun, which in 2016 was all of 331. They don't keep track of deterrents in which no one is killed.

The Bureau of Justice Statistics (DOJ) used data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (a federal study done by the Census Bureau) and came up with about 71,000 cases of defensive gun use per year from 2007-2011.


The 2013 results of obama directing the Centers for Disease Control to review all research on guns and gun self defense....

Then, the Department of Justice Research ordered by bill clinton....

Front Matter | Priorities for Research to Reduce the Threat of Firearm-Related Violence | The National Academies Press

Defensive Use of Guns
Defensive use of guns by crime victims is a common occurrence, although the exact number remains disputed (Cook and Ludwig, 1996; Kleck, 2001a). Almost all national survey estimates indicate that defensive gun uses by victims are at least as common as offensive uses by criminals, with estimates of annual uses ranging from about 500,000 to more than 3 million (Kleck, 2001a), in the context of about 300,000 violent crimes involving firearms in 2008 (BJS, 2010). On the other hand, some scholars point to a radically lower estimate of only 108,000 annual defensive uses based on the National Crime Victimization Survey (Cook et al., 1997). The variation in these numbers remains a controversy in the field. The estimate of 3 million defensive uses per year is based on an extrapolation from a small number of responses taken from more than 19 national surveys. The former estimate of 108,000 is difficult to interpret because respondents were not asked specifically about defensive gun use.


======

https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles/165476.pdf


Applying those restrictions leaves 19 NSPOF respondents (0.8 percent of the sample), representing 1.5 million defensive users. This estimate is di- rectly comparable to the well-known estimate of Kleck and Gertz, shown in the last column of exhibit 7. While the NSPOF estimate is smaller, it is statis- tically plausible that the difference is due to sampling error. Inclusion of multiple DGUs reported by half of the 19 NSPOF respondents increases the estimate to 4.7 million DGUs.

-----


According to these re- sults, guns are used far more often to defend against crime than to perpe- trate crime. (Firearms were used by perpetrators in 1.07 million incidents of violent crime in 1994, according to NCVS data.)
 
Finally -- Texans Can Open-Carry Without Government Intervention

How many times
has a citizen
carrying a gun stop a person
with a gun from carrying out
a violent crime with a gun-..,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,?

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

How many deaths have been
caused by citizens with a gun-.,..,.,.,.,.,.,.,.?

In
2020, gun violence killed nearly 20,000 Americans,
2020 gun violence: Even with fewer mass shootings, last year was deadliest in decades - The Washington Post

More Guns Do Not Stop More Crimes, Evidence Shows
More Guns Do Not Stop More Crimes, Evidence Shows - Scientific American
:)-
 
Last edited:
Finally -- Texans Can Open-Carry Without Government Intervention

How many times
has a citizen
carrying a gun stop a person
with a gun from carrying out

a violent crime with a gun-..,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,?

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

How many deaths have been

caused by citizens with a gun-.,..,.,.,.,.,.,.,.?
:)-


First...how many times a year do Americans use their legal guns to stop rapes, stabbings, beatings, robberies and murders?

According to the Centers for Disease Control....1.1 million times a year.

In 2013, President obama told the CDC to go through all gun research.....they found then that defensive uses of guns occurred between 500,000 to 3 million times a year.

These are other studies and their results....

A quick guide to the studies and the numbers.....the full lay out of what was studied by each study is in the links....

The name of the group doing the study, the year of the study, the number of defensive gun uses and if police and military defensive gun uses are included.....notice the bill clinton and obama defensive gun use research is highlighted.....

GunCite-Gun Control-How Often Are Guns Used in Self-Defense

GunCite Frequency of Defensive Gun Use in Previous Surveys

Field...1976....3,052,717 ( no cops, no military)

DMIa 1978...2,141,512 ( no cops, no military)

L.A. TIMES...1994...3,609,68 ( no cops, no military)

Kleck......1994...2.5 million ( no cops, no military)

CDC...1996-1998... 1.1 million averaged over those years.( no cops, no military)

Obama's CDC....2013....500,000--3million

--------------------


Bordua...1977...1,414,544

DMIb...1978...1,098,409 ( no cops, no military)

Hart...1981...1.797,461 ( no cops, no military)

Mauser...1990...1,487,342 ( no cops,no military)

Gallup...1993...1,621,377 ( no cops, no military)

DEPT. OF JUSTICE...1994...1.5 million ( the bill clinton study)

Journal of Quantitative Criminology--- 989,883 times per year."

(Based on survey data from a 2000 study published in the Journal of Quantitative Criminology,[17] U.S. civilians use guns to defend themselves and others from crime at least 989,883 times per year.[18])

Paper: "Measuring Civilian Defensive Firearm Use: A Methodological Experiment." By David McDowall and others. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, March 2000. Measuring Civilian Defensive Firearm Use: A Methodological Experiment - Springer


-------------------------------------------

Ohio...1982...771,043

Gallup...1991...777,152

Tarrance... 1994... 764,036 (no cops, no military)

Lawerence Southwich Jr. 400,000 fewer violent crimes and at least 800,000 violent crimes deterred..
 
Finally -- Texans Can Open-Carry Without Government Intervention

How many times
has a citizen
carrying a gun stop a person
with a gun from carrying out

a violent crime with a gun-..,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,?

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

How many deaths have been

caused by citizens with a gun-.,..,.,.,.,.,.,.,.?

In
2020, gun violence killed nearly 20,000 Americans,
2020 gun violence: Even with fewer mass shootings, last year was deadliest in decades - The Washington Post

More Guns Do Not Stop More Crimes, Evidence Shows
More Guns Do Not Stop More Crimes, Evidence Shows - Scientific American
:)-

Effectiveness of armed citizens during mass public shootings....?

Armed Citizens Are Successful 94% Of The Time At Active Shooter Events [FBI]

Of all the active shooter events there were 33 at which an armed citizen was present. Of those, Armed Citizens were successful at stopping the Active shooter 75.8% of the time (25 incidents) and were successful in reducing the loss of life in an additional 18.2% (6) of incidents. In only 2 of the 33 incidents (6.1%) was the Armed Citizen(s) not helpful in any way in stopping the active shooter or reducing the loss of life.

Thus the headline of our report that Armed Citizens Are Successful 94% Of The Time At Active Shooter Events.


In the 2 incidents at which the armed citizen “failed” to stop or slow the active shooter, one is the previously mentioned incident with hunters. The other is an incident in which the CCWer was shot in the back in a Las Vegas Walmart when he failed to identify that there were 2 Active Shooters involved in the attack. He neglected to identify the one that shot him in the back while he was trying to ambush the other perpetrator.

We also decided to look at the breakdown of events that took place in gun free zones and the relative death toll from events in gun free zones vs non-gun-free zones.

Of the 283 incidents in our data pool, we were unable to identify if the event took place in a gun-free zone in a large number (41%) of the events. Most of the events took place at a business, church, home, or other places at which as a rule of law it is not a gun free zone but potentially could have been declared one by the property owner. Without any information in the FBI study or any indication one way or the other from the news reports, we have indicated that event with a question mark.

If you look at all of the Active Shooter events (pie chart on the top) you see that for those which we have the information, almost twice as many took place in gun free zones than not; but realistically the vast majority of those for which we have no information (indicated as ?) are probably NOT gun free zones.

If you isolate just the events at which 8 or more people were killed the data paints a different picture (pie chart on the bottom). In these incidents, 77.8% took place in a gun-free zone suggesting that gun free zones lead to a higher death rate vs active shooter events in general

=====

One of the final metrics we thought was important to consider is the potential tendency for armed citizens to injure or kill innocent people in their attempt to “save the day.” A common point in political discussions is to point out the lack of training of most armed citizens and the decrease in safety inherent in their presence during violent encounters.

As you can see below, however, at the 33 incidents at which Armed Citizens were present, there were zero situations at which the Armed Citizen injured or killed an innocent person. It never happened.


BREAKING: Man Opens Fire At Oklahoma Walmart, Confronted By Armed Citizen, Report Says

Two people were killed at a Walmart in Oklahoma by a man who opened fire in the parking lot on Monday before turning the weapon on himself after an armed citizen confronted him.
------


The assailant, who has not yet been identified, shot and killed a man and a woman in the parking lot and when he was “confronted by an armed citizen, he then turned the gun on himself,” The Daily Mail reported.
 
Finally -- Texans Can Open-Carry Without Government Intervention

How many times
has a citizen
carrying a gun stop a person
with a gun from carrying out

a violent crime with a gun-..,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,?

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

How many deaths have been

caused by citizens with a gun-.,..,.,.,.,.,.,.,.?

In
2020, gun violence killed nearly 20,000 Americans,
2020 gun violence: Even with fewer mass shootings, last year was deadliest in decades - The Washington Post

More Guns Do Not Stop More Crimes, Evidence Shows
More Guns Do Not Stop More Crimes, Evidence Shows - Scientific American
:)-


Guns vs. rapists.....

Guns Effective Defense Against Rape

A woman using a gun is less likely to be raped and less likely to be injured during the attack....

Guns Effective Defense Against Rape


However, most recent studies with improved methodology are consistently showing that the more forceful the resistance, the lower the risk of a completed rape, with no increase in physical injury. Sarah Ullman's original research (Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1998) and critical review of past studies (Criminal Justice and Behavior, 1997) are especially valuable in solidifying this conclusion.

I wish to single out one particular subtype of physical resistance: Use of a weapon, and especially a firearm, is statistically a woman's best means of resistance, greatly enhancing her odds of escaping both rape and injury, compared to any other strategy of physical or verbal resistance. This conclusion is drawn from four types of information.

First, a 1989 study (Furby, Journal of Interpersonal Violence) found that both male and female survey respondents judged a gun to be the most effective means that a potential rape victim could use to fend off the assault. Rape "experts" considered it a close second, after eye-gouging.

Second, raw data from the 1979-1985 installments of the Justice Department's annual National Crime Victim Survey show that when a woman resists a stranger rape with a gun, the probability of completion was 0.1 percent and of victim injury 0.0 percent, compared to 31 percent and 40 percent, respectively, for all stranger rapes (Kleck, Social Problems, 1990).

Third, a recent paper (Southwick, Journal of Criminal Justice, 2000) analyzed victim resistance to violent crimes generally, with robbery, aggravated assault and rape considered together. Women who resisted with a gun were 2.5 times more likely to escape without injury than those who did not resist and 4 times more likely to escape uninjured than those who resisted with any means other than a gun. Similarly, their property losses in a robbery were reduced more than six-fold and almost three-fold, respectively, compared to the other categories of resistance strategy.

Fourth, we have two studies in the last 20 years that directly address the outcomes of women who resist attempted rape with a weapon. (Lizotte, Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 1986; Kleck, Social Problems, 1990.) The former concludes,"Further, women who resist rape with a gun or knife dramatically decrease their probability of completion." (Lizotte did not analyze victim injuries apart from the rape itself.) The latter concludes that "resistance with a gun or knife is the most effective form of resistance for preventing completion of a rape"; this is accomplished "without creating any significant additional risk of other injury."

The best conclusion from available scientific data, then, is when avoidance of rape has failed and one must choose between being raped and resisting, a woman's best option is to resist with a gun in her hands.
 
Finally -- Texans Can Open-Carry Without Government Intervention

How many times
has a citizen
carrying a gun stop a person
with a gun from carrying out
a violent crime with a gun-..,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,?

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

How many deaths have been
caused by citizens with a gun-.,..,.,.,.,.,.,.,.?

In
2020, gun violence killed nearly 20,000 Americans,
2020 gun violence: Even with fewer mass shootings, last year was deadliest in decades - The Washington Post

More Guns Do Not Stop More Crimes, Evidence Shows
More Guns Do Not Stop More Crimes, Evidence Shows - Scientific American
:)-


Criminals with guns in 2019 murdered 10,258 people......

Of the victims, however, 70-80% of the victims are criminals murdered by other criminals.....

That leaves about 2,051 innocent victims of gun murder......but of those, the majority are friends, family, and associates of criminals, shot during the attempted murder of the actual criminal......
 

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