pbmdel
Rookie
Am hearing a lot about tariffs, these days especially, and have always wondered what the real deal is about them...good or bad for us. If Perplexity.ai is right, I feel a lot more educated right now.
can tariffs ever be so high that consumer high prices will outweigh any industry protection benefits?
Answer
Yes, tariffs can indeed be set so high that the costs to consumers outweigh any potential benefits to protected industries. This phenomenon is well-documented in economic research and historical examples.
When tariffs are imposed, they often lead to higher prices for both imported and domestically produced goods. For instance, the 2018-2019 tariffs increased prices between 1.7% and 7.1% in the ten most affected sectors, including apparel, car parts, furniture, and computer equipment.
Household Impact
The financial burden on American households can be substantial. Estimates suggest that if President-elect Trump's proposed tariffs (60% on Chinese imports and 10-20% on other countries) were fully passed on to consumers, it could cost American households between $1,500 to $2,400 per capita annually..
High tariffs can adversely impact U.S. manufacturers who rely on foreign components and materials. For example, while tariffs on steel and aluminum led to greater domestic production of those metals, the resulting price hikes caused other manufacturers to reduce their overall output.
Job Losses
Contrary to the intended effect of protecting jobs, research shows that industries more exposed to tariff increases experienced greater declines in employment. The long-term impact of tariffs could potentially reduce employment by 142,000 full-time equivalent jobs.
Excessively high tariffs can have a negative impact on the overall economy. Estimates suggest that the Trump-Biden tariffs could reduce long-run GDP by 0.2 percent and the capital stock by 0.1 percent.
Inefficiencies
While tariffs can provide some protection to certain industries, they can also create inefficiencies for the industries they were designed to protect, as well as for their supply chain partners.
In conclusion, while tariffs can offer short-term protection for specific industries, when set too high, they can lead to significant consumer costs, job losses in other sectors, and overall economic inefficiencies that outweigh the intended benefits. Policymakers must carefully consider these trade-offs when implementing tariff policies.
can tariffs ever be so high that consumer high prices will outweigh any industry protection benefits?
Answer
Yes, tariffs can indeed be set so high that the costs to consumers outweigh any potential benefits to protected industries. This phenomenon is well-documented in economic research and historical examples.
Consumer Cost vs. Industry Protection
Price IncreasesWhen tariffs are imposed, they often lead to higher prices for both imported and domestically produced goods. For instance, the 2018-2019 tariffs increased prices between 1.7% and 7.1% in the ten most affected sectors, including apparel, car parts, furniture, and computer equipment.
Household Impact
The financial burden on American households can be substantial. Estimates suggest that if President-elect Trump's proposed tariffs (60% on Chinese imports and 10-20% on other countries) were fully passed on to consumers, it could cost American households between $1,500 to $2,400 per capita annually..
Unintended Consequences
Supply Chain DisruptionsHigh tariffs can adversely impact U.S. manufacturers who rely on foreign components and materials. For example, while tariffs on steel and aluminum led to greater domestic production of those metals, the resulting price hikes caused other manufacturers to reduce their overall output.
Job Losses
Contrary to the intended effect of protecting jobs, research shows that industries more exposed to tariff increases experienced greater declines in employment. The long-term impact of tariffs could potentially reduce employment by 142,000 full-time equivalent jobs.
Economic Impact
GDP ReductionExcessively high tariffs can have a negative impact on the overall economy. Estimates suggest that the Trump-Biden tariffs could reduce long-run GDP by 0.2 percent and the capital stock by 0.1 percent.
Inefficiencies
While tariffs can provide some protection to certain industries, they can also create inefficiencies for the industries they were designed to protect, as well as for their supply chain partners.
Historical Example
The 2012 tire tariffs serve as a cautionary tale. While intended to protect the domestic tire industry, they resulted in Americans paying more for tires overall. The cost to consumers was estimated at $1.1 billion, which translated to an estimated 3,731 retail jobs lost.In conclusion, while tariffs can offer short-term protection for specific industries, when set too high, they can lead to significant consumer costs, job losses in other sectors, and overall economic inefficiencies that outweigh the intended benefits. Policymakers must carefully consider these trade-offs when implementing tariff policies.