FDR_Reagan
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It is a long history.
Barbary Pirates on thev1800s.
Excerpt from WaPo:
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Barbary Pirates on thev1800s.
Excerpt from WaPo:
Terrorists by Another Name: The Barbary Pirates
By Richard Lei. October 15, 2001
They considered us infidels -- and easy targets. They committed atrocious acts against civilians. They provoked war with America.
"They are odious for the constant violation of the laws of nations and humanity," as one writer put it. We saw them as bloodthirsty fanatics, sanctioned by Islamic despots, and we believed their behavior threatened the future of the modern world.
Thus the president found it necessary to launch America's first military campaign against state-sponsored terrorists. Except he didn't call them that, because 200 years ago, everyone called terrorists by another name: pirates.
For all the talk in Washington that the current battle against global terrorism represents an entirely new kind of war, against a different kind of enemy, historians say America's seen this before. Back when the nation was largely untested in the arena of foreign entanglement, we found ourselves in an extended, exasperating campaign against various Muslim states in North Africa, which harbored the notorious Barbary pirates. By most reckonings, that battle lasted 30 years...
The banditry was rooted, however, in centuries of religious strife between Muslims and Christians. The pirates, nominally subject to the Ottoman sultan, were still battling the descendants of the Crusaders. (In 1605, St. Vincent de Paul was among those kidnapped by the Barbary pirates and sold into slavery to Muslims.) Captured Christians could gain freedom by "taking the turban" or "turning Turk" -- that is, by converting to Islam....
Facing a criminal menace abroad, Americans reaffirmed their commitment to democratic ideals at home. Talk of "national character" flourished. The Constitution was ratified. The pirate crisis, historians say, made America grow up.
"There's a temptation to view all of our problems as unprecedented and all of our threats as new and novel," says George Washington University law professor Jonathan Turley. Shortly after the terror attacks of Sept. 11, Turley advised some members of Congress who were considering a formal declaration of war against the suspected perpetrators. He invoked the precedent of the Barbary pirates, saying America had every right to attack and destroy the terrorist leadership without declaring war...
Lessons From the Barbary Pirate Wars (Published 2009)
Paying “tribute” didn’t work in Thomas Jefferson’s time. Can we stop now?
www.nytimes.com
Recent years in Africa:
Or
In the Middle East
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