Going technical to offset the rampant ignorance here may be futile, but here's a try;
First, there are numerous methods of mining coal and most and more recent are above-ground, pit types.
Excerpt;
...
Coal mining is the process of
extracting coal from the ground or from a mine. Coal is valued for its
energy content and since the 1880s has been widely used to
generate electricity.
Steel and
cement industries use coal as a fuel for extraction of iron from
iron ore and for cement production. In the
United Kingdom and
South Africa, a coal mine and its structures are a
colliery, a coal mine is called a "pit", and above-ground mining structures are referred to as a "
pit head". In
Australia, "colliery" generally refers to an underground coal mine.
Coal mining has had many developments in recent years, from the early days of men tunneling, digging, and manually extracting the coal on carts to large
open-cut and
longwall mines. Mining at this scale requires the use of
draglines, trucks,
conveyors,
hydraulic jacks, and shearers.
....
en.wikipedia.org
................................
After the environmental impact of the mining methods used, the next major issue with coal use was the sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the smoke~flue from combustion. For over a century now there has been a few methods of removing the sulfur dioxide, SO2, which combines with water vapor in the atmosphere to produce sulfuric acid = 'acid rain'. These methods are referred to as Flue Gas Desulfurization - FGD.
...
Flue-gas desulfurization (
FGD) is a set of technologies used to remove
sulfur dioxide (SO2) from
exhaust flue gases of fossil-fuel power plants, and from the emissions of other sulfur oxide emitting processes such as waste
incineration, petroleum refineries, cement and lime kilns.
Methods
Since stringent environmental regulations limiting SO2 emissions have been enacted in many countries, SO2 is being removed from flue gases by a variety of methods. Common methods used:
For a typical
coal-fired power station, flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) may remove 90 per cent or more of the SO2 in the flue gases. (Actually some systems have gotten up to the 97-98% range.)
...
en.wikipedia.org
<a href="
Flue-gas desulfurization - Wikipedia"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a>