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It won't make any sense without some physics background, but the authors are presenting the holy grail of physics- the uniting of gravity, the strong nuclear force, the weak nuclear force, and electromagnetism into a single "theory of everything".Nobody has time to read through all that without some idea of what the content is. How about summarizing it in a paragraph or two and note the pertinent parts of the article so we can know whether we want to spend that much time or effort?
The authors derive the mass and charges of the up and down quarks proportional to the electron, so the treatment provides the nuclei and electrons are changing at the same rate.
The relevant para (bolded part mine):
"As the universe expands, the charge and mass of electrons decreases, resulting in less interaction in the aging universe. The electron charge and mass are no longer constant. They depended on the radius of the universe at the time.
We can consider the mass of the quark in terms of the mass of the electron in the same way, considering the charge. For the up and down quarks, the charges were 2/3e and -1/3e respectively. Because a quark is equivalent to a confined electron in the fractal dimension of space–time, it results in a larger interaction energy.
The mass of the down quark, md should be proportional to (3e)2
because we divide the electron into 1/3 fractal dimensions. Hence,
md = 9e2 = 9me = 4.5 MeV, (SM value 4.8 MeV)
the same reason for up quark is for fractal dimension ½. Therefore, its
mass
mu = (2e)2 = 4e2 = 4me = 2 MeV (SM value 2.2 MeV)."
Thank you for that analysis. I don't know you, but I will accept that you know more about it than I probably ever will. LOL.It won't make any sense without some physics background, but the authors are presenting the holy grail of physics- the uniting of gravity, the strong nuclear force, the weak nuclear force, and electromagnetism into a single "theory of everything".
They started with Einstein's field equation for gravity and modified it to make it compatible with quantum physics, and then derived some of the fundamental equations of particle physics from it. In the process, they eliminated some major nagging problems in physics and cosmology. They accomplished this in a very simple manner- they propose a minimum possible unit of time and a minimum possible unit of space, and they make gravity (the effect of mass on space) symmetrical. It is a remarkable thing.
They also took something that was considered inviolable- the rest mass of the electron is considered a fundamental constant- and they made it variable. This will cause some serous heartburn for some particle physicists!
So it must be viewed with a great deal of caution right now, and will be scrutinized and attacked mercilessly, as it should be. But if it holds up, it is an amazing achievement- guaranteed Nobel Prize work that will put their names alongside the greatest physicists in history.
This is a good observation and I will have to ponder it.Those two constants control the hydrogen atomic spectrum. Even if the mass of the electron and proton track linearly, the basic hydrogen spectrum will change by the fourth power of e.