oldfart
Older than dirt
Payroll taxes should go into a locked box and not be used by the Congress for any purpose other than to pay the earned benefits to those who contributed.
Here's the problem: what goes into the lock box? Fundamentally, there is no way a generation can transfer the goods and services it will need from the present to the future. The trust funds are by law required to invest in only U S government securities. This inflow of cash from payroll taxes allowed the government to run deficits in on-budget areas without disrupting the economy. You get the same result if they had simply stored U S currency (you can think of currency as a zero yield short term government bond!). I guess the closest alternative would have been to insist that the trust funds be paid in gold or other long-lived commodities, but when it came time to pay retirees, the gold would just go back to the government, which would then pay out the annuities.
All this begs the question of what that money could actually buy. Be it a Social Security check, government bonds, or gold distributed; everyone would still have to go into the marketplace and exchange that for food, clothing, medical care, housing, and so forth. If there is not sufficient supply of these, the result would be inflation and a plummeting standard of living. Assuring an adequate supply of goods and services depends not on what kind of financial funding is used (which is basically irrelevant), but on the economic policies in place from the time the payroll taxes were withheld to the time people begin to collect benefits. If the money was used to pay for wars and tax cuts, we will be poorer. If the money was used to finance investment in physical and human capital, to maintain infrastructure and fund research, especially in fields such as medicine, transportation, and housing suitable for the retirees; then we would be OK.
How do you think we've done?