Electron and atomic model

[ChemEngineer]

There is a lot of empty space in the atom? I researched it and it appears the chicken and the egg of info that is came around the same time, Rutherford and Boohr. (sic) I assume they came up with their model first then naturally since the electron orbit has to be some distance from the nucleus, it was just accepted that atoms are 99.5% or more empty space? For me that dismisses the model, IDK.

His name is Niels Bohr.

How big the Earth would be if all the space was squeezed out of atoms?

The question is poorly phrased. There is no squeezing space out of atoms, particularly the entire earth.

If all the empty space within atoms were removed, the earth's volume would decrease by a factor of about 10^27 (a 1 followed by 27 zeros). This is an incredibly small amount and would not have any noticeable effect on the earth's size or shape.

One followed by twenty-seven zeroes is NOT "an incredibly small amount." It is huge. Here's a different approach. What is the volume of all the nuclei of the earth? The answer: about 184 meters.

ω = 4.122×1016 radians per second = 6.56×1015 turns per second. This is about 7 quadrillion revolutions per second or equivalently 7 thousand trillion revolutions per second. This is fantastically fast but it is much slower than the rate of rotation of nuclei.

Why would nuclei rotate?

 

[trevorjohnson83]

Just reading the first one, there's nothing that would change the experiment if the EM field came from the core of the atom like I says.


list some popular experiments that are proof the electron orbits the proton?


ChatGPT

Poe
Sure! There are several experiments that provide evidence for the existence of electron orbits or electron shells around the atomic nucleus:

Thomson's Cathode Ray Tube Experiment (1897): J.J. Thomson's experiment demonstrated that cathode rays, which we now know to be streams of electrons, can be deflected by electric and magnetic fields. This observation suggested the presence of negatively charged particles (electrons) moving within the atom.
Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment (1911): Ernest Rutherford's experiment involved bombarding a thin gold foil with alpha particles. The majority of the alpha particles passed through the foil, but some were deflected at large angles, indicating the presence of a concentrated positive charge in a small region of the atom. This led to the proposal of a nuclear model of the atom, where electrons orbit around a central, positively charged nucleus.
Franck-Hertz Experiment (1914): The Franck-Hertz experiment provided evidence for the existence of discrete energy levels in atoms. By passing electrons through a low-pressure gas and measuring the energy they lose, distinct drops in energy were observed. These drops corresponded to the energy differences between electron energy levels, indicating that electrons occupy specific quantized orbits around the nucleus.
Spectroscopy Experiments: Various spectroscopic techniques, such as optical spectroscopy, X-ray spectroscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy, provide evidence for electron orbital transitions. These experiments involve analyzing the interaction of atoms with electromagnetic radiation and detecting the specific energy levels at which electrons absorb or emit photons.
Electron Diffraction Experiment (1927): The electron diffraction experiment, performed by Clinton Davisson and Lester Germer, showed that electrons exhibit wave-like properties. Electrons were directed at a crystalline target, and the resulting diffraction pattern could only be explained if electrons were treated as waves interfering with each other. This experiment supported the wave-particle duality of electrons and confirmed their existence as discrete entities orbiting the nucleus.
These experiments, among others, collectively provide strong evidence for the existence of electron orbits or electron shells around the atomic nucleus and support the current atomic model.

 

[frigidweirdo]

There is a lot of empty space in the atom? I researched it and it appears the chicken and the egg of info that is came around the same time, Rutherford and Boohr. I assume they came up with their model first then naturally since the electron orbit has to be some distance from the nucleus, it was just accepted that atoms are 99.5% or more empty space? For me that dismisses the model, IDK.


How big the Earth would be if all the space was squeezed out of atoms?


If all the empty space within atoms were removed, the earth's volume would decrease by a factor of about 10^27 (a 1 followed by 27 zeros). This is an incredibly small amount and would not have any noticeable effect on the earth's size or shape.

What speed do electrons orbit the nucleus?


ω = 4.122×1016 radians per second = 6.56×1015 turns per second. This is about 7 quadrillion revolutions per second or equivalently 7 thousand trillion revolutions per second. This is fantastically fast but it is much slower than the rate of rotation of nuclei.

Do electrons actually orbit the nucleus?


Electrons do not orbit a nucleus in the manner of a planet orbiting a star, but instead exist as standing waves. Thus the lowest possible energy an electron can take is similar to the fundamental frequency of a wave on a string.

What causes the atoms in a molecule to join together?


The atoms in a compound are held together by chemical bonds. Either "ionic bonds" (formed when one or more electrons are 'transferred' from one atom to another) or "covalent bonds" (formed when atoms 'share' electrons instead of transferring them).

Do electrons have weight?



Electrons are negatively charged particles weighing zero atomic mass units and located in the various orbitals of the energy levels outside the atomic nucleus. The electron actually weighs 9.11x10-28 grams. This means it would take about 1,830 electrons to equal the mass of one proton.

What does the shell of an atom do?


Shell (electron): A grouping of electrons in an atom according to energy. The farther a shell is from the nucleus, the larger it is, the more electrons it can hold, and the higher the energies of those electrons. The first shell (closest to the nucleus) can hold two electrons.

What repels atoms from each other?


Particles with the same charge repel each other, while oppositely charged particles attract each other. For example, a proton, which is positively charged, is attracted to electrons, which are negatively charged. However, if we put two electrons together or two protons together, they will repel one another.

Where does magnetic field come from?


Magnetic fields are produced by moving electric charges. Everything is made up of atoms, and each atom has a nucleus made of neutrons and protons with electrons that orbit around the nucleus. Since the orbiting electrons ≠are tiny moving charges, a small magnetic field is created around each atom.


How are electron shells formed?


An electron shell may be thought of as an orbit followed by electrons around an atom nucleus. Because each shell can contain only a fixed number of electrons, each shell is associated with a particular range of electron energy, and thus each shell must fill completely before electrons can be added to an outer shell.

What is an atom? Well we kind of think we know, it's more or less electrons and a nucleus.

But what are those things made of?

I've been looking at the strong theory and the idea there seems to be that everything is just energy. It seems to make sense to me. An electron is just energy, maybe going in waves, maybe not, but string theory says it is, even in the math doesn't add up yet.

The nucleus is made up of things that are also just energy. Then you have light bouncing around hitting energy and changing that energy, changing how it moves, so that it can be light, heat or something else.

The difference is that photons can be in the same place as other photons, in other words they let lots of energy be in the same place, whereas the electrons and other such forms of energy don't, hence why things become "solid", even liquid and gas is "solid" as they can't be in the same place at the same time.

 

[frigidweirdo]

In the part of Alabama where I grew up we learned all that in fifth grade science.

I don't think I learned anything in Science class, except some things that turned out to not be true.

 

[fncceo]

How big the Earth would be if all the space was squeezed out of atoms?

Then it would be a neutron star with billions of times greater mass/density.

Certainly not suitable for any life as we know it.