Si modo
Diamond Member
Of course anyone who wants the science to speak rather than windbag poseurs is politicizing science, to you.LOL. So says the chief politisizer of science. LOL
Follow along with the video below to see how to install our site as a web app on your home screen.
Note: This feature may not be available in some browsers.
Of course anyone who wants the science to speak rather than windbag poseurs is politicizing science, to you.LOL. So says the chief politisizer of science. LOL
LOL. So says the chief politisizer of science. LOL
Right wingers will only eat crow if they admit they were wrong about something. Look at the last 20 years. They've been wrong about everything. Everything they've touched has turned to shit. Yet they admit to doing no wrong. Ask then to name a success and they can't.
Even they know Iraq is a terrible disaster. Women in burkas, Iraq friends with Iran. China getting their oil. Thousands of Americans dead. Tens of thousands maimed.
Look how they handled Katrina. Putting people into carcinogenic trailers and blaming the survivors for being poor.
Moving millions of jobs to China.
And instead of taking responsibility for all their many failures, they feel Democrats should have stopped them so it's really the Democrats fault.
And what are they doing now? Abortion? Reaffirming "in God we Trust"? Tax cuts for billionaires? Applauding executions? Let him die? Voter suppression?
They are not going to change.
I bolded all the parts that I am going to address...
"Right wingers will only eat crow if they admit they were wrong about something. Look at the last 20 years. They've been wrong about everything."
Yeah and can you at least point a finger at all the Democrats who were involved too? how about Obama mimicking Bush policies save health care? Anything? no???
"Even they know Iraq is a terrible disaster. Women in burkas, Iraq friends with Iran. China getting their oil."
A terrible disaster that quite a few Democrats voted yes to go into.. Mnay of them in Obama's cabinet now.. but I guess thats okay they were duped huh.. yeah and for that naivety they were rewarded.... Nice..
Btw what you have against burkas? its a religious practice THEIR RELIGIOUS PRACTICE! You want to dictate how the worship their deity now?
Iraq and Iran friends now? They make "friends" like they make enemies; fast and loose..![]()
China paid for it! besides you don't like oil remember? And really you have to get a grasp for this modern global governance the UN is bringing.. After all you agree with it.. If you agree with socialism as its being pushed today, that is exactly what you are going to support...
"Look how they handled Katrina. Putting people into carcinogenic trailers and blaming the survivors for being poor."
So you contend Republicans put people in "carcinogenic" trailers, and blamed people for being poor? Got any proof of any of that? nah all you got is some stories told about glue inside trailers not being dry enough and someones claim that caused cancer in some... So exactly which Republican in office then made, placed, and put those survivors in those trailers? And exactly what evidence do you have the glue gave them cancer? For the record a possible cause is not a statement of fact... BTW, FEMA, Local law enforcement, and various other groups handled Katrina. most likely full of Dems and Reps in those groups...
"Moving millions of jobs to China."
And that didn't start years ago with NAFTA and CAFTA? And that was a democrat as i recall...
"And instead of taking responsibility for all their many failures, they feel Democrats should have stopped them so it's really the Democrats fault."
And exactly what have you done this entire post? Talk about scapegoating, dude you just blamed everything on one political party and completely ignored any democrats involvement... WOW!
"And what are they doing now? Abortion? Reaffirming "in God we Trust"? Tax cuts for billionaires? Applauding executions? Let him die? Voter suppression?"
What the hell are you talking about? Abortion? Seriously What the hell does that vague statement mean?
The rest of it, ALL OF IT, was you being a blubbering idiot... Man up crybaby make a clear point or don't but quite being such a whiny little reactionary..![]()
LOL. So says the chief politisizer of science. LOL
Right wingers will only eat crow if they admit they were wrong about something. Look at the last 20 years. They've been wrong about everything. Everything they've touched has turned to shit. Yet they admit to doing no wrong. Ask then to name a success and they can't.
Even they know Iraq is a terrible disaster. Women in burkas, Iraq friends with Iran. China getting their oil. Thousands of Americans dead. Tens of thousands maimed.
Look how they handled Katrina. Putting people into carcinogenic trailers and blaming the survivors for being poor.
Moving millions of jobs to China.
And instead of taking responsibility for all their many failures, they feel Democrats should have stopped them so it's really the Democrats fault.
And what are they doing now? Abortion? Reaffirming "in God we Trust"? Tax cuts for billionaires? Applauding executions? Let him die? Voter suppression?
They are not going to change.
I bolded all the parts that I am going to address...
"Right wingers will only eat crow if they admit they were wrong about something. Look at the last 20 years. They've been wrong about everything."
Yeah and can you at least point a finger at all the Democrats who were involved too? how about Obama mimicking Bush policies save health care? Anything? no???
"Even they know Iraq is a terrible disaster. Women in burkas, Iraq friends with Iran. China getting their oil."
A terrible disaster that quite a few Democrats voted yes to go into.. Mnay of them in Obama's cabinet now.. but I guess thats okay they were duped huh.. yeah and for that naivety they were rewarded.... Nice..
Btw what you have against burkas? its a religious practice THEIR RELIGIOUS PRACTICE! You want to dictate how the worship their deity now?
Iraq and Iran friends now? They make "friends" like they make enemies; fast and loose..![]()
China paid for it! besides you don't like oil remember? And really you have to get a grasp for this modern global governance the UN is bringing.. After all you agree with it.. If you agree with socialism as its being pushed today, that is exactly what you are going to support...
"Look how they handled Katrina. Putting people into carcinogenic trailers and blaming the survivors for being poor."
So you contend Republicans put people in "carcinogenic" trailers, and blamed people for being poor? Got any proof of any of that? nah all you got is some stories told about glue inside trailers not being dry enough and someones claim that caused cancer in some... So exactly which Republican in office then made, placed, and put those survivors in those trailers? And exactly what evidence do you have the glue gave them cancer? For the record a possible cause is not a statement of fact... BTW, FEMA, Local law enforcement, and various other groups handled Katrina. most likely full of Dems and Reps in those groups...
"Moving millions of jobs to China."
And that didn't start years ago with NAFTA and CAFTA? And that was a democrat as i recall...
"And instead of taking responsibility for all their many failures, they feel Democrats should have stopped them so it's really the Democrats fault."
And exactly what have you done this entire post? Talk about scapegoating, dude you just blamed everything on one political party and completely ignored any democrats involvement... WOW!
"And what are they doing now? Abortion? Reaffirming "in God we Trust"? Tax cuts for billionaires? Applauding executions? Let him die? Voter suppression?"
What the hell are you talking about? Abortion? Seriously What the hell does that vague statement mean?
The rest of it, ALL OF IT, was you being a blubbering idiot... Man up crybaby make a clear point or don't but quite being such a whiny little reactionary..![]()
Look at that. I put down the Republican Presidential talking points from their Presidential debates and it says, "What the hell are you talking about?" Hilarious.
Women in Burkas is a "GOOD" thing. What can you say for such stupidity? China got their oil because they paid for it?
This is the problem with right wingers. Even the most simple thing has to be explained. The war wasn't going to cost us anything because it was going to be paid for with Iraqi oil. Women in Iraq used to dress EXACTLY like us. Now they can't even go out side without a male escort. You are with us or with the terrorists. Just those trailers after Katrina was a scandal. Go look it up. You sit in front of a damn computer. There is no excuse for being so poorly informed.
What is wrong with you guys? How can you know so little about what has gone on in the last 10 years? It's "determined ignorance".
I don't know what to say. Honestly. Republicans and right wingers are so far gone. Is it the inbreeding? Have they been sniffing car exhaust? What is it? They must have been drinking mercury. I don't know.
Science is not done by consensus.Yes, Walleyes, science has spoken loud and clear.
AGU Position Statement: Human Impacts on Climate
Human Impacts on Climate
Adopted by Council December 2003
Revised and Reaffirmed December 2007
The Earth's climate is now clearly out of balance and is warming. Many components of the climate systemincluding the temperatures of the atmosphere, land and ocean, the extent of sea ice and mountain glaciers, the sea level, the distribution of precipitation, and the length of seasonsare now changing at rates and in patterns that are not natural and are best explained by the increased atmospheric abundances of greenhouse gases and aerosols generated by human activity during the 20th century. Global average surface temperatures increased on average by about 0.6°C over the period 19562006. As of 2006, eleven of the previous twelve years were warmer than any others since 1850. The observed rapid retreat of Arctic sea ice is expected to continue and lead to the disappearance of summertime ice within this century. Evidence from most oceans and all continents except Antarctica shows warming attributable to human activities. Recent changes in many physical and biological systems are linked with this regional climate change. A sustained research effort, involving many AGU members and summarized in the 2007 assessments of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, continues to improve our scientific understanding of the climate.
During recent millennia of relatively stable climate, civilization became established and populations have grown rapidly. In the next 50 years, even the lower limit of impending climate changean additional global mean warming of 1°C above the last decadeis far beyond the range of climate variability experienced during the past thousand years and poses global problems in planning for and adapting to it. Warming greater than 2°C above 19th century levels is projected to be disruptive, reducing global agricultural productivity, causing widespread loss of biodiversity, andif sustained over centuriesmelting much of the Greenland ice sheet with ensuing rise in sea level of several meters. If this 2°C warming is to be avoided, then our net annual emissions of CO2 must be reduced by more than 50 percent within this century. With such projections, there are many sources of scientific uncertainty, but none are known that could make the impact of climate change inconsequential. Given the uncertainty in climate projections, there can be surprises that may cause more dramatic disruptions than anticipated from the most probable model projections.
With climate change, as with ozone depletion, the human footprint on Earth is apparent. The cause of disruptive climate change, unlike ozone depletion, is tied to energy use and runs through modern society. Solutions will necessarily involve all aspects of society. Mitigation strategies and adaptation responses will call for collaborations across science, technology, industry, and government. Members of the AGU, as part of the scientific community, collectively have special responsibilities: to pursue research needed to understand it; to educate the public on the causes, risks, and hazards; and to communicate clearly and objectively with those who can implement policies to shape future climate.
Yes, Walleyes, science has spoken loud and clear.
Human Impacts on Climate
Adopted by Council December 2003
Revised and Reaffirmed December 2007
The Earth's climate is now clearly out of balance and is warming.
Many components of the climate systemincluding the temperatures of the atmosphere, land and ocean, the extent of sea ice and mountain glaciers, the sea level, the distribution of precipitation, and the length of seasonsare now changing at rates and in patterns that are not natural and are best explained by the increased atmospheric abundances of greenhouse gases and aerosols generated by human activity during the 20th century.
Science is not done by consensus.Yes, Walleyes, science has spoken loud and clear.
AGU Position Statement: Human Impacts on Climate
Human Impacts on Climate
Adopted by Council December 2003
Revised and Reaffirmed December 2007
The Earth's climate is now clearly out of balance and is warming. Many components of the climate systemincluding the temperatures of the atmosphere, land and ocean, the extent of sea ice and mountain glaciers, the sea level, the distribution of precipitation, and the length of seasonsare now changing at rates and in patterns that are not natural and are best explained by the increased atmospheric abundances of greenhouse gases and aerosols generated by human activity during the 20th century. Global average surface temperatures increased on average by about 0.6°C over the period 19562006. As of 2006, eleven of the previous twelve years were warmer than any others since 1850. The observed rapid retreat of Arctic sea ice is expected to continue and lead to the disappearance of summertime ice within this century. Evidence from most oceans and all continents except Antarctica shows warming attributable to human activities. Recent changes in many physical and biological systems are linked with this regional climate change. A sustained research effort, involving many AGU members and summarized in the 2007 assessments of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, continues to improve our scientific understanding of the climate.
During recent millennia of relatively stable climate, civilization became established and populations have grown rapidly. In the next 50 years, even the lower limit of impending climate changean additional global mean warming of 1°C above the last decadeis far beyond the range of climate variability experienced during the past thousand years and poses global problems in planning for and adapting to it. Warming greater than 2°C above 19th century levels is projected to be disruptive, reducing global agricultural productivity, causing widespread loss of biodiversity, andif sustained over centuriesmelting much of the Greenland ice sheet with ensuing rise in sea level of several meters. If this 2°C warming is to be avoided, then our net annual emissions of CO2 must be reduced by more than 50 percent within this century. With such projections, there are many sources of scientific uncertainty, but none are known that could make the impact of climate change inconsequential. Given the uncertainty in climate projections, there can be surprises that may cause more dramatic disruptions than anticipated from the most probable model projections.
With climate change, as with ozone depletion, the human footprint on Earth is apparent. The cause of disruptive climate change, unlike ozone depletion, is tied to energy use and runs through modern society. Solutions will necessarily involve all aspects of society. Mitigation strategies and adaptation responses will call for collaborations across science, technology, industry, and government. Members of the AGU, as part of the scientific community, collectively have special responsibilities: to pursue research needed to understand it; to educate the public on the causes, risks, and hazards; and to communicate clearly and objectively with those who can implement policies to shape future climate.
But, you keep thinking it is.
Exactly - prima facie.Science is not done by consensus.Yes, Walleyes, science has spoken loud and clear.
AGU Position Statement: Human Impacts on Climate
Human Impacts on Climate
Adopted by Council December 2003
Revised and Reaffirmed December 2007
The Earth's climate is now clearly out of balance and is warming. Many components of the climate systemincluding the temperatures of the atmosphere, land and ocean, the extent of sea ice and mountain glaciers, the sea level, the distribution of precipitation, and the length of seasonsare now changing at rates and in patterns that are not natural and are best explained by the increased atmospheric abundances of greenhouse gases and aerosols generated by human activity during the 20th century. Global average surface temperatures increased on average by about 0.6°C over the period 19562006. As of 2006, eleven of the previous twelve years were warmer than any others since 1850. The observed rapid retreat of Arctic sea ice is expected to continue and lead to the disappearance of summertime ice within this century. Evidence from most oceans and all continents except Antarctica shows warming attributable to human activities. Recent changes in many physical and biological systems are linked with this regional climate change. A sustained research effort, involving many AGU members and summarized in the 2007 assessments of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, continues to improve our scientific understanding of the climate.
During recent millennia of relatively stable climate, civilization became established and populations have grown rapidly. In the next 50 years, even the lower limit of impending climate changean additional global mean warming of 1°C above the last decadeis far beyond the range of climate variability experienced during the past thousand years and poses global problems in planning for and adapting to it. Warming greater than 2°C above 19th century levels is projected to be disruptive, reducing global agricultural productivity, causing widespread loss of biodiversity, andif sustained over centuriesmelting much of the Greenland ice sheet with ensuing rise in sea level of several meters. If this 2°C warming is to be avoided, then our net annual emissions of CO2 must be reduced by more than 50 percent within this century. With such projections, there are many sources of scientific uncertainty, but none are known that could make the impact of climate change inconsequential. Given the uncertainty in climate projections, there can be surprises that may cause more dramatic disruptions than anticipated from the most probable model projections.
With climate change, as with ozone depletion, the human footprint on Earth is apparent. The cause of disruptive climate change, unlike ozone depletion, is tied to energy use and runs through modern society. Solutions will necessarily involve all aspects of society. Mitigation strategies and adaptation responses will call for collaborations across science, technology, industry, and government. Members of the AGU, as part of the scientific community, collectively have special responsibilities: to pursue research needed to understand it; to educate the public on the causes, risks, and hazards; and to communicate clearly and objectively with those who can implement policies to shape future climate.
But, you keep thinking it is.
"Consensus" is all the fraudsters have. Politics in science? I give you consensus!
Yes, Walleyes, science has spoken loud and clear.
AGU Position Statement: Human Impacts on Climate
Human Impacts on Climate
Adopted by Council December 2003
Revised and Reaffirmed December 2007
The Earth's climate is now clearly out of balance and is warming. Many components of the climate systemincluding the temperatures of the atmosphere, land and ocean, the extent of sea ice and mountain glaciers, the sea level, the distribution of precipitation, and the length of seasonsare now changing at rates and in patterns that are not natural and are best explained by the increased atmospheric abundances of greenhouse gases and aerosols generated by human activity during the 20th century. Global average surface temperatures increased on average by about 0.6°C over the period 19562006. As of 2006, eleven of the previous twelve years were warmer than any others since 1850. The observed rapid retreat of Arctic sea ice is expected to continue and lead to the disappearance of summertime ice within this century. Evidence from most oceans and all continents except Antarctica shows warming attributable to human activities. Recent changes in many physical and biological systems are linked with this regional climate change. A sustained research effort, involving many AGU members and summarized in the 2007 assessments of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, continues to improve our scientific understanding of the climate.
During recent millennia of relatively stable climate, civilization became established and populations have grown rapidly. In the next 50 years, even the lower limit of impending climate changean additional global mean warming of 1°C above the last decadeis far beyond the range of climate variability experienced during the past thousand years and poses global problems in planning for and adapting to it. Warming greater than 2°C above 19th century levels is projected to be disruptive, reducing global agricultural productivity, causing widespread loss of biodiversity, andif sustained over centuriesmelting much of the Greenland ice sheet with ensuing rise in sea level of several meters. If this 2°C warming is to be avoided, then our net annual emissions of CO2 must be reduced by more than 50 percent within this century. With such projections, there are many sources of scientific uncertainty, but none are known that could make the impact of climate change inconsequential. Given the uncertainty in climate projections, there can be surprises that may cause more dramatic disruptions than anticipated from the most probable model projections.
With climate change, as with ozone depletion, the human footprint on Earth is apparent. The cause of disruptive climate change, unlike ozone depletion, is tied to energy use and runs through modern society. Solutions will necessarily involve all aspects of society. Mitigation strategies and adaptation responses will call for collaborations across science, technology, industry, and government. Members of the AGU, as part of the scientific community, collectively have special responsibilities: to pursue research needed to understand it; to educate the public on the causes, risks, and hazards; and to communicate clearly and objectively with those who can implement policies to shape future climate.
I hope you've been reading the full article that goes with the abstract I posted. You did assure me you had access.
Then, could you share your thoughts on this?
Quantifying the human contribution to global warming
Quantifying the human contribution to global warming
Posted on 3 September 2010 by dana1981
The amount of warming caused by the anthropogenic increase in atmospheric CO2 may be one of the most misunderstood subjects in climate science. Many people think the anthropogenic warming can't be quantified, many others think it must be an insignificant amount. However, climate scientists have indeed quantified the anthropogenic contribution to global warming using empirical observations and fundamental physical equations.
It's another golden opportunity for you.![]()
Science is not done by consensus.Yes, Walleyes, science has spoken loud and clear.
AGU Position Statement: Human Impacts on Climate
Human Impacts on Climate
Adopted by Council December 2003
Revised and Reaffirmed December 2007
The Earth's climate is now clearly out of balance and is warming. Many components of the climate systemincluding the temperatures of the atmosphere, land and ocean, the extent of sea ice and mountain glaciers, the sea level, the distribution of precipitation, and the length of seasonsare now changing at rates and in patterns that are not natural and are best explained by the increased atmospheric abundances of greenhouse gases and aerosols generated by human activity during the 20th century. Global average surface temperatures increased on average by about 0.6°C over the period 19562006. As of 2006, eleven of the previous twelve years were warmer than any others since 1850. The observed rapid retreat of Arctic sea ice is expected to continue and lead to the disappearance of summertime ice within this century. Evidence from most oceans and all continents except Antarctica shows warming attributable to human activities. Recent changes in many physical and biological systems are linked with this regional climate change. A sustained research effort, involving many AGU members and summarized in the 2007 assessments of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, continues to improve our scientific understanding of the climate.
During recent millennia of relatively stable climate, civilization became established and populations have grown rapidly. In the next 50 years, even the lower limit of impending climate changean additional global mean warming of 1°C above the last decadeis far beyond the range of climate variability experienced during the past thousand years and poses global problems in planning for and adapting to it. Warming greater than 2°C above 19th century levels is projected to be disruptive, reducing global agricultural productivity, causing widespread loss of biodiversity, andif sustained over centuriesmelting much of the Greenland ice sheet with ensuing rise in sea level of several meters. If this 2°C warming is to be avoided, then our net annual emissions of CO2 must be reduced by more than 50 percent within this century. With such projections, there are many sources of scientific uncertainty, but none are known that could make the impact of climate change inconsequential. Given the uncertainty in climate projections, there can be surprises that may cause more dramatic disruptions than anticipated from the most probable model projections.
With climate change, as with ozone depletion, the human footprint on Earth is apparent. The cause of disruptive climate change, unlike ozone depletion, is tied to energy use and runs through modern society. Solutions will necessarily involve all aspects of society. Mitigation strategies and adaptation responses will call for collaborations across science, technology, industry, and government. Members of the AGU, as part of the scientific community, collectively have special responsibilities: to pursue research needed to understand it; to educate the public on the causes, risks, and hazards; and to communicate clearly and objectively with those who can implement policies to shape future climate.
But, you keep thinking it is.
Science is not done by consensus.Yes, Walleyes, science has spoken loud and clear.
AGU Position Statement: Human Impacts on Climate
Human Impacts on Climate
Adopted by Council December 2003
Revised and Reaffirmed December 2007
The Earth's climate is now clearly out of balance and is warming. Many components of the climate systemincluding the temperatures of the atmosphere, land and ocean, the extent of sea ice and mountain glaciers, the sea level, the distribution of precipitation, and the length of seasonsare now changing at rates and in patterns that are not natural and are best explained by the increased atmospheric abundances of greenhouse gases and aerosols generated by human activity during the 20th century. Global average surface temperatures increased on average by about 0.6°C over the period 19562006. As of 2006, eleven of the previous twelve years were warmer than any others since 1850. The observed rapid retreat of Arctic sea ice is expected to continue and lead to the disappearance of summertime ice within this century. Evidence from most oceans and all continents except Antarctica shows warming attributable to human activities. Recent changes in many physical and biological systems are linked with this regional climate change. A sustained research effort, involving many AGU members and summarized in the 2007 assessments of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, continues to improve our scientific understanding of the climate.
During recent millennia of relatively stable climate, civilization became established and populations have grown rapidly. In the next 50 years, even the lower limit of impending climate changean additional global mean warming of 1°C above the last decadeis far beyond the range of climate variability experienced during the past thousand years and poses global problems in planning for and adapting to it. Warming greater than 2°C above 19th century levels is projected to be disruptive, reducing global agricultural productivity, causing widespread loss of biodiversity, andif sustained over centuriesmelting much of the Greenland ice sheet with ensuing rise in sea level of several meters. If this 2°C warming is to be avoided, then our net annual emissions of CO2 must be reduced by more than 50 percent within this century. With such projections, there are many sources of scientific uncertainty, but none are known that could make the impact of climate change inconsequential. Given the uncertainty in climate projections, there can be surprises that may cause more dramatic disruptions than anticipated from the most probable model projections.
With climate change, as with ozone depletion, the human footprint on Earth is apparent. The cause of disruptive climate change, unlike ozone depletion, is tied to energy use and runs through modern society. Solutions will necessarily involve all aspects of society. Mitigation strategies and adaptation responses will call for collaborations across science, technology, industry, and government. Members of the AGU, as part of the scientific community, collectively have special responsibilities: to pursue research needed to understand it; to educate the public on the causes, risks, and hazards; and to communicate clearly and objectively with those who can implement policies to shape future climate.
But, you keep thinking it is.
Nobody thinks "science is done by consensus", nitwit. Modern climate science is based on many decades of observation and data, studies of the Earth's past climate changes and literally mountains of physical evidence. There is a consensus among the world's scientists that mankind is producing global warming and the associated climate changes but that consensus is based on the actual science and evidence, not the other way around as your idiotic denier cult strawman argument would have it.
Since you are obviously so extremely ignorant about science, perhaps this would help you get a grasp on the issue.
Scientific consensus
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Scientific consensus is the collective judgment, position, and opinion of the community of scientists in a particular field of study. Consensus implies general agreement, though not necessarily unanimity. Scientific consensus is not by itself a scientific argument, and it is not part of the scientific method. Nevertheless, consensus may be based on both scientific arguments and the scientific method.[1]
Consensus is normally achieved through communication at conferences, the publication process, replication (reproducible results by others) and peer review. These lead to a situation in which those within the discipline can often recognize such a consensus where it exists, but communicating to outsiders that consensus has been reached can be difficult, because the 'normal' debates through which science progresses may seem to outsiders as contestation.[2]
Scientific consensus may be invoked in popular or political debate on subjects that are controversial within the public sphere but which may not be controversial within the scientific community, such as evolution[3][4] or the claimed linkage of MMR vaccinations and autism.[2]
Uncertainty and scientific consensus in policy making
In public policy debates, the assertion that there exists a consensus of scientists in a particular field is often used as an argument for the validity of a theory and as support for a course of action by those who stand to gain from a policy based on that consensus. Similarly arguments for a lack of scientific consensus are often encouraged by sides who stand to gain from a more ambiguous policy.
People of various backgrounds (political, scientific, media, action groups, and so on) have argued that there is a scientific consensus on the causes of global warming. The historian of science Naomi Oreskes published an article in Science reporting that a survey of the abstracts of 928 science articles published between 1993 and 2003 showed none which disagreed explicitly with the notion of anthropogenic global warming.[10] In an editorial published in the Washington Post, Oreskes stated that those who opposed these scientific findings are amplifying the normal range of scientific uncertainty about any facts into an appearance that there is a great scientific disagreement, or a lack of scientific consensus.[11] Oreskes's findings were replicated by other methods that require no interpretation.[2]
The theory of evolution through natural selection is an accepted part of the science of biology, to the extent that few observations in biology can be understood without reference to natural selection and common descent. Opponents of evolution claim that there is significant dissent on evolution within the scientific community.[12] The wedge strategy, an ambitious plan to supplant scientific materialism seen as inimical to religion, with a religion-friendly theistic science, depended greatly on seeding and building on public perceptions of absence of consensus on evolution.[13] Stephen Jay Gould has argued that creationists misunderstand the nature of the debate within the scientific community, which is not about "if" evolution occurred, but "how" it occurred.[12]
The inherent uncertainty in science, where theories are never proven but can only be disproven (see falsifiability), poses a problem for politicians, policymakers, lawyers, and business professionals. Where scientific or philosophical questions can often languish in uncertainty for decades within their disciplinary settings, policymakers are faced with the problems of making sound decisions based on the currently available data, even if it is likely not a final form of the "truth". The tricky part is discerning what is close enough to "final truth". For example, social action against smoking probably came too long after science was 'pretty consensual'.[2]
Certain domains, such as the approval of certain technologies for public consumption, can have vast and far-reaching political, economic, and human effects should things run awry of the predictions of scientists. However, insofar as there is an expectation that policy in a given field reflect knowable and pertinent data and well-accepted models of the relationships between observable phenomena, there is little good alternative for policy makers than to rely on so much of what may fairly be called 'the scientific consensus' in guiding policy design and implementation, at least in circumstances where the need for policy intervention is compelling. While science cannot supply 'absolute truth' (or even its complement 'absolute error') its utility is bound up with the capacity to guide policy in the direction of increased public good and away from public harm. Seen in this way, the demand that policy rely only on what is proven to be "scientific truth" would be a prescription for policy paralysis and amount in practice to advocacy of acceptance of all of the quantified and unquantified costs and risks associated with policy inaction.[2] Such considerations informed the development of 'the precautionary principle'.
No part of policy formation on the basis of the ostensible scientific consensus precludes persistent review either of the relevant scientific consensus or the tangible results of policy. Indeed, the same reasons that drove reliance upon the consensus drives the continued evaluation of this reliance over timeand adjusting policy as needed.
The politics are from the right. From the deniers. From those who have the most to gain in denying AGW. From you.
The science of AGW has not been "done by consensus". A statement on AGW laid out the current consensus on climate science.
This topic, like just about every topic, has been politicized by the right, with funding from rich donors who have a financial interest in confusing the public.
I believe what he's (correctly) pointing out is that 1. Regardless of whether or not the current consensus to AGW satisfies your standard of "Proof," there is a great deal of it nonetheless, and that 2. There is not a scientific body on the planet that maintains a dissenting opinion.
It's kinda the same conversation we had a few weeks ago, though he goes at it differently than I do.