Could Monte Be Right, After All?


So, near as I can tell after skimming through that 400ish page document is that the primary sources for the pre 1800 period are conjecture/extrapolations based on Ottoman household records from the period between 1525 and 1560-something (well, actually conjecture on top of conjecture since the author in question has not been able to study the original documents).

Okay....now we have something.
 

So, near as I can tell after skimming through that 400ish page document is that the primary sources for the pre 1800 period are conjecture/extrapolations based on Ottoman household records from the period between 1525 and 1560-something (well, actually conjecture on top of conjecture since the author in question has not been able to study the original documents).

Okay....now we have something.


There were other census' taken in the 1800's by the Ottomans.

There was also a famine and cholera epidemic that cause massive emigration by arabs in the middle east.

Refugees of nature...run, run, run

Immigration from the middle east to the US went up during that time. They wanted the streets paved in gold.
 

So, near as I can tell after skimming through that 400ish page document is that the primary sources for the pre 1800 period are conjecture/extrapolations based on Ottoman household records from the period between 1525 and 1560-something (well, actually conjecture on top of conjecture since the author in question has not been able to study the original documents).

Okay....now we have something.

Sergio Della Pergola and Roberto Bach are Israeli Jews so they have to be careful about what they write, but page 11, though maximizing Jewish population figures, is close to the truth in terms of population figures in Palestine. In the years you mentioned prior to the Mandate: Jews, Christians and Muslims, as you can see even here it depicts a "handful of Jews" there are more than 5 times as many Christians and more than 100 times as many Muslims in 1690-1691.


upload_2016-5-17_19-53-26.png
 
... is close to the truth in terms of population figures in Palestine ...

Well, I'm not at all the convinced the "truth" can be determined with the information we have available to us. (Hence my search for actual primary documents). And, honestly, I don't think population figures from the past are all that relevant with respect to solving the conflict. Especially since we all use them with impunity in order to establish and support our own narratives. (Grin).

It seems self-evident to me that the Jewish people have had a presence in the territory for several thousand years, despite significant hardship and ethnic cleansing and forced conversion. It seems self-evident to me that the Christian and Arab Muslim populations have long roots in the territory. It seems self-evident to me that there was large scale immigration of both Jews and Arabs from the early 1800's to the early 1900's and beyond.
 

So, near as I can tell after skimming through that 400ish page document is that the primary sources for the pre 1800 period are conjecture/extrapolations based on Ottoman household records from the period between 1525 and 1560-something (well, actually conjecture on top of conjecture since the author in question has not been able to study the original documents).

Okay....now we have something.


There were other census' taken in the 1800's by the Ottomans.

There was also a famine and cholera epidemic that cause massive emigration by arabs in the middle east.

Refugees of nature...run, run, run

Immigration from the middle east to the US went up during that time. They wanted the streets paved in gold.

This is a bit of an aside/off topic but the irony is they were promised "streets paved in gold" - the American "Entrepeneurs" were ruthless in their dishonest and fantastical depictions of the US to immigrants in that period, taking advantage of the desperation of people to escape the poverty and inequities of their native countries. Solas, a celtic band, did a musical history in their album Shamrock City which follows the Irish immigrants to Butte Montana and the mining industry. It's an interesting history (based on real life) and put to music :)

To be on topic - one of the things I've read over and over is that census figures can be hard to pin down in accuracy, but I think they're still the best we can go by. After all....taxes must be paid...
 
That doesn't make sense.

The chart here: Demographic history of Palestine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia indicates differently.

Oh I don't know, actually makes all the sense in the world. Monty once again just shot himself in the foot. The simple facts are that it wasn't until the second colonial period that Arab Muslims invaded Judaea in large numbers.


Except...well...they were already there, as a majority from the Muslim taking of Jerusalum.
 
That doesn't make sense.

The chart here: Demographic history of Palestine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia indicates differently.

Oh I don't know, actually makes all the sense in the world. Monty once again just shot himself in the foot. The simple facts are that it wasn't until the second colonial period that Arab Muslims invaded Judaea in large numbers.

Ignoring the facts that Shusha has provided just continues your shooting yourself in the foot. LOL
 
... is close to the truth in terms of population figures in Palestine ...

Well, I'm not at all the convinced the "truth" can be determined with the information we have available to us. (Hence my search for actual primary documents). And, honestly, I don't think population figures from the past are all that relevant with respect to solving the conflict. Especially since we all use them with impunity in order to establish and support our own narratives. (Grin).

It seems self-evident to me that the Jewish people have had a presence in the territory for several thousand years, despite significant hardship and ethnic cleansing and forced conversion. It seems self-evident to me that the Christian and Arab Muslim populations have long roots in the territory. It seems self-evident to me that there was large scale immigration of both Jews and Arabs from the early 1800's to the early 1900's and beyond.

There was no non-Jewish immigration to speak of from 1800 through 1948, as the facts show in the links you provided. . Why do you continue this charade, your own links prove the fact. The migration was of European Jews to Palestine. Once that fact has been accepted, then maybe there can be a road to peace. If Jews continue in their delusion that they have always been the predominate people in Palestine, when they were only a handful before the European invasion, why should they negotiate?
 
There was no non-Jewish immigration to speak of from 1800 through 1948, as the facts show in the links you provided. . Why do you continue this charade, your own links prove the fact.

The only link I provided was the one on the OP, I believe. And it deals with events in 1695.
 
... is close to the truth in terms of population figures in Palestine ...

Well, I'm not at all the convinced the "truth" can be determined with the information we have available to us. (Hence my search for actual primary documents). And, honestly, I don't think population figures from the past are all that relevant with respect to solving the conflict. Especially since we all use them with impunity in order to establish and support our own narratives. (Grin).

It seems self-evident to me that the Jewish people have had a presence in the territory for several thousand years, despite significant hardship and ethnic cleansing and forced conversion. It seems self-evident to me that the Christian and Arab Muslim populations have long roots in the territory. It seems self-evident to me that there was large scale immigration of both Jews and Arabs from the early 1800's to the early 1900's and beyond.

Instead of running from pandemic, jews improved the fresh water system and cleared out swamps. They removed the sources of disease threats as much as possible, while those around them did little or nothing back then.

Some ran from the problems and other stayed and fixed them.
even a 1831 census will not show how many left the region before 1905
 
According to this article - which was used as the source for the Wikipedia chart: Demographic Trends in Israel and Palestine by Sergio Dellapergola

Population distribution by main ethnoreligious groups shows an uninterrupted presence of Jews, and subsequently Christians
and Muslims, over most of the last two millennia, along with significant changes over time in the absolute and relative size of these
groups. Archaeological and documentary evidence points to the early prevalence of Jewish population, political organization, and
culture. Then, between the fourth and seventh centuries—the Byzantine period—the majority of the population was Christian.
With the rise of Islam after the seventh century, a Muslim majority emerged. This lasted through 1947, when, out of an estimated
total population of about 2 million, close to 1.2 million (60 percent) were Muslims, about 650,000 (32 percent) Jews, and about
150,000 (7 percent) Christians.12

Following Israel's 1948 War of Independence and the farreaching political changes that came in its wake, a Jewish majority
emerged again in the whole territory of historic Palestine. One of the determinants of this shift was the flight from Palestine
of 625,000-675,000 Arabs, according to Israeli sources,13 or 700,000-850,000, according to Palestinian sources.14 These have
been recognized, together with their descendants, as the Palestinian refugees.15 Another key determinant of population change beginning
with Israeli independence was large-scale, unrestricted Jewish immigration, which amounted to 2,850,000 between 1948
and 2000. Differential natural increase of the main ethnoreligious groups further contributed to the changes in population size and
composition.

From page 19, he talks about Arab immigration into Israel for jobs:
The consequence for Israel was that an Arab labor force becameone of the essential prerequisites for the construction of a modern
Jewish state. And as far as the Palestinians were concerned, were it not for the existence of the State of Israel, a large share of
the Palestinian labor force, unable to find employment locally, would have been forced to migrate elsewhere in search of work. Indeed,
about 140,000 Palestinians emigrated from the West Bank during the 1960s—ruled, at the time by Jordan—looking for jobs.
Afterwards, from the 1967 Israeli occupation until 1989, 171,000 Palestinians left the West Bank and 114,000 the Gaza area in search
of the new opportunities opening up in the booming economies of the Gulf States. After the 1991 Gulf War, about 30,000 returned,
and another 30,000—mostly people related to members of the Palestinian Authority's administration and military forces—came
back to Palestine after the Oslo agreements.27

Part of the problem with historic population analysis though is that data can be very unreliable since it's not based on modern methodology. From: MidEast Web - Population of Palestine

Economics and Immigration - Under the British Mandate, which began after WWI, Jewish population increased due to immigration, especially in the 1930s. Arab population also increased at an exceptional rate. According to records, about 18,000 non-Jews entered Palestine between 1930 and 1939 when there were more or less reliable figures. In the same period, about 5,000 non-Jews left. This does not count illegal immigration of course, or immigration prior to 1930. Economic analyses show that by the 1930s the standard of living of Palestinian Arabs was approximately twice that of Arabs in surrounding countries, whereas in Ottoman Turkish times it was lower than in surrounding countries. Some of the farm population may have suffered economic hardship, characteristic of any industrializing and urbanizing society, but in the main, the standard of living improved, and it improved much faster than it did in surrounding countries. There is no doubt that this improvement in conditions was an attractant for immigrants as well as resulting in improved health and larger families. Additionally, British activity in building the port of Haifa during the 1920s and in operating it during WW II undoubtedly attracted at least some immigrants. However, there is no hard evidence that more than 100,000 or 200,000 (out of about 1.3 million in all of Palestine, and about 7-800,000 in the area that was to become Israel in 1948) Palestinians had immigrated to the land that was to become Israel. It is impossible to determine at present when this immigration took place. 100,000 Arabs immigrating in 1880 would have produced many more descendants by 1948 than 100,000 Arabs immigrating in 1930. However, since economic conditions did not improve until mandatory times, it is unlikely that the bulk of the immigration occurred under Turkish administration.
This author also makes the following conclusions: Palestine was not an empty land when Zionist immigration began (estimates range from 410,000 to over 600,000 Arab Muslims and Christians in the 1890's); Zionist settlement did not displace or dispossess Palestinians and while it's not possible to estimate illegal Arab immigration directly, there was some.






THIS IS THE ONLY PARTS THAT SHOULD BE REPEATED AS IT DESTROYS TEAM PALESTINES CLAIMS THAT THERE WERE NEVER ANY JEWS IN PALESTINE AFTER 70C.E.


shows an uninterrupted presence of Jews

Zionist settlement did not displace or dispossess Palestinians

it's not possible to estimate illegal Arab immigration directly, there was some
 
According to this article - which was used as the source for the Wikipedia chart: Demographic Trends in Israel and Palestine by Sergio Dellapergola

Population distribution by main ethnoreligious groups shows an uninterrupted presence of Jews, and subsequently Christians
and Muslims, over most of the last two millennia, along with significant changes over time in the absolute and relative size of these
groups. Archaeological and documentary evidence points to the early prevalence of Jewish population, political organization, and
culture. Then, between the fourth and seventh centuries—the Byzantine period—the majority of the population was Christian.
With the rise of Islam after the seventh century, a Muslim majority emerged. This lasted through 1947, when, out of an estimated
total population of about 2 million, close to 1.2 million (60 percent) were Muslims, about 650,000 (32 percent) Jews, and about
150,000 (7 percent) Christians.12

Following Israel's 1948 War of Independence and the farreaching political changes that came in its wake, a Jewish majority
emerged again in the whole territory of historic Palestine. One of the determinants of this shift was the flight from Palestine
of 625,000-675,000 Arabs, according to Israeli sources,13 or 700,000-850,000, according to Palestinian sources.14 These have
been recognized, together with their descendants, as the Palestinian refugees.15 Another key determinant of population change beginning
with Israeli independence was large-scale, unrestricted Jewish immigration, which amounted to 2,850,000 between 1948
and 2000. Differential natural increase of the main ethnoreligious groups further contributed to the changes in population size and
composition.

From page 19, he talks about Arab immigration into Israel for jobs:
The consequence for Israel was that an Arab labor force becameone of the essential prerequisites for the construction of a modern
Jewish state. And as far as the Palestinians were concerned, were it not for the existence of the State of Israel, a large share of
the Palestinian labor force, unable to find employment locally, would have been forced to migrate elsewhere in search of work. Indeed,
about 140,000 Palestinians emigrated from the West Bank during the 1960s—ruled, at the time by Jordan—looking for jobs.
Afterwards, from the 1967 Israeli occupation until 1989, 171,000 Palestinians left the West Bank and 114,000 the Gaza area in search
of the new opportunities opening up in the booming economies of the Gulf States. After the 1991 Gulf War, about 30,000 returned,
and another 30,000—mostly people related to members of the Palestinian Authority's administration and military forces—came
back to Palestine after the Oslo agreements.27

Part of the problem with historic population analysis though is that data can be very unreliable since it's not based on modern methodology. From: MidEast Web - Population of Palestine

Economics and Immigration - Under the British Mandate, which began after WWI, Jewish population increased due to immigration, especially in the 1930s. Arab population also increased at an exceptional rate. According to records, about 18,000 non-Jews entered Palestine between 1930 and 1939 when there were more or less reliable figures. In the same period, about 5,000 non-Jews left. This does not count illegal immigration of course, or immigration prior to 1930. Economic analyses show that by the 1930s the standard of living of Palestinian Arabs was approximately twice that of Arabs in surrounding countries, whereas in Ottoman Turkish times it was lower than in surrounding countries. Some of the farm population may have suffered economic hardship, characteristic of any industrializing and urbanizing society, but in the main, the standard of living improved, and it improved much faster than it did in surrounding countries. There is no doubt that this improvement in conditions was an attractant for immigrants as well as resulting in improved health and larger families. Additionally, British activity in building the port of Haifa during the 1920s and in operating it during WW II undoubtedly attracted at least some immigrants. However, there is no hard evidence that more than 100,000 or 200,000 (out of about 1.3 million in all of Palestine, and about 7-800,000 in the area that was to become Israel in 1948) Palestinians had immigrated to the land that was to become Israel. It is impossible to determine at present when this immigration took place. 100,000 Arabs immigrating in 1880 would have produced many more descendants by 1948 than 100,000 Arabs immigrating in 1930. However, since economic conditions did not improve until mandatory times, it is unlikely that the bulk of the immigration occurred under Turkish administration.
This author also makes the following conclusions: Palestine was not an empty land when Zionist immigration began (estimates range from 410,000 to over 600,000 Arab Muslims and Christians in the 1890's); Zionist settlement did not displace or dispossess Palestinians and while it's not possible to estimate illegal Arab immigration directly, there was some.






THIS IS THE ONLY PARTS THAT SHOULD BE REPEATED AS IT DESTROYS TEAM PALESTINES CLAIMS THAT THERE WERE NEVER ANY JEWS IN PALESTINE AFTER 70C.E.


shows an uninterrupted presence of Jews

Zionist settlement did not displace or dispossess Palestinians

it's not possible to estimate illegal Arab immigration directly, there was some

Kind of destroys your claim that there were no Muslim's in Palestine before the 20th century :lol:
 
According to this article - which was used as the source for the Wikipedia chart: Demographic Trends in Israel and Palestine by Sergio Dellapergola

Population distribution by main ethnoreligious groups shows an uninterrupted presence of Jews, and subsequently Christians
and Muslims, over most of the last two millennia, along with significant changes over time in the absolute and relative size of these
groups. Archaeological and documentary evidence points to the early prevalence of Jewish population, political organization, and
culture. Then, between the fourth and seventh centuries—the Byzantine period—the majority of the population was Christian.
With the rise of Islam after the seventh century, a Muslim majority emerged. This lasted through 1947, when, out of an estimated
total population of about 2 million, close to 1.2 million (60 percent) were Muslims, about 650,000 (32 percent) Jews, and about
150,000 (7 percent) Christians.12

Following Israel's 1948 War of Independence and the farreaching political changes that came in its wake, a Jewish majority
emerged again in the whole territory of historic Palestine. One of the determinants of this shift was the flight from Palestine
of 625,000-675,000 Arabs, according to Israeli sources,13 or 700,000-850,000, according to Palestinian sources.14 These have
been recognized, together with their descendants, as the Palestinian refugees.15 Another key determinant of population change beginning
with Israeli independence was large-scale, unrestricted Jewish immigration, which amounted to 2,850,000 between 1948
and 2000. Differential natural increase of the main ethnoreligious groups further contributed to the changes in population size and
composition.

From page 19, he talks about Arab immigration into Israel for jobs:
The consequence for Israel was that an Arab labor force becameone of the essential prerequisites for the construction of a modern
Jewish state. And as far as the Palestinians were concerned, were it not for the existence of the State of Israel, a large share of
the Palestinian labor force, unable to find employment locally, would have been forced to migrate elsewhere in search of work. Indeed,
about 140,000 Palestinians emigrated from the West Bank during the 1960s—ruled, at the time by Jordan—looking for jobs.
Afterwards, from the 1967 Israeli occupation until 1989, 171,000 Palestinians left the West Bank and 114,000 the Gaza area in search
of the new opportunities opening up in the booming economies of the Gulf States. After the 1991 Gulf War, about 30,000 returned,
and another 30,000—mostly people related to members of the Palestinian Authority's administration and military forces—came
back to Palestine after the Oslo agreements.27

Part of the problem with historic population analysis though is that data can be very unreliable since it's not based on modern methodology. From: MidEast Web - Population of Palestine

Economics and Immigration - Under the British Mandate, which began after WWI, Jewish population increased due to immigration, especially in the 1930s. Arab population also increased at an exceptional rate. According to records, about 18,000 non-Jews entered Palestine between 1930 and 1939 when there were more or less reliable figures. In the same period, about 5,000 non-Jews left. This does not count illegal immigration of course, or immigration prior to 1930. Economic analyses show that by the 1930s the standard of living of Palestinian Arabs was approximately twice that of Arabs in surrounding countries, whereas in Ottoman Turkish times it was lower than in surrounding countries. Some of the farm population may have suffered economic hardship, characteristic of any industrializing and urbanizing society, but in the main, the standard of living improved, and it improved much faster than it did in surrounding countries. There is no doubt that this improvement in conditions was an attractant for immigrants as well as resulting in improved health and larger families. Additionally, British activity in building the port of Haifa during the 1920s and in operating it during WW II undoubtedly attracted at least some immigrants. However, there is no hard evidence that more than 100,000 or 200,000 (out of about 1.3 million in all of Palestine, and about 7-800,000 in the area that was to become Israel in 1948) Palestinians had immigrated to the land that was to become Israel. It is impossible to determine at present when this immigration took place. 100,000 Arabs immigrating in 1880 would have produced many more descendants by 1948 than 100,000 Arabs immigrating in 1930. However, since economic conditions did not improve until mandatory times, it is unlikely that the bulk of the immigration occurred under Turkish administration.
This author also makes the following conclusions: Palestine was not an empty land when Zionist immigration began (estimates range from 410,000 to over 600,000 Arab Muslims and Christians in the 1890's); Zionist settlement did not displace or dispossess Palestinians and while it's not possible to estimate illegal Arab immigration directly, there was some.






THIS IS THE ONLY PARTS THAT SHOULD BE REPEATED AS IT DESTROYS TEAM PALESTINES CLAIMS THAT THERE WERE NEVER ANY JEWS IN PALESTINE AFTER 70C.E.


shows an uninterrupted presence of Jews

Zionist settlement did not displace or dispossess Palestinians

it's not possible to estimate illegal Arab immigration directly, there was some

Kind of destroys your claim that there were no Muslim's in Palestine before the 20th century :lol:





When and where have I claimed that, link please

What I have said is that the majority of arab muslims are recent migrants. Prior to the 20C the evidence shows that the arab muslims were scarce and mostly nomadic in nature. Even the ottomans could not get them to settle and work the land, so invited the Jews to do it for them.
 
According to this article - which was used as the source for the Wikipedia chart: Demographic Trends in Israel and Palestine by Sergio Dellapergola

Population distribution by main ethnoreligious groups shows an uninterrupted presence of Jews, and subsequently Christians
and Muslims, over most of the last two millennia, along with significant changes over time in the absolute and relative size of these
groups. Archaeological and documentary evidence points to the early prevalence of Jewish population, political organization, and
culture. Then, between the fourth and seventh centuries—the Byzantine period—the majority of the population was Christian.
With the rise of Islam after the seventh century, a Muslim majority emerged. This lasted through 1947, when, out of an estimated
total population of about 2 million, close to 1.2 million (60 percent) were Muslims, about 650,000 (32 percent) Jews, and about
150,000 (7 percent) Christians.12

Following Israel's 1948 War of Independence and the farreaching political changes that came in its wake, a Jewish majority
emerged again in the whole territory of historic Palestine. One of the determinants of this shift was the flight from Palestine
of 625,000-675,000 Arabs, according to Israeli sources,13 or 700,000-850,000, according to Palestinian sources.14 These have
been recognized, together with their descendants, as the Palestinian refugees.15 Another key determinant of population change beginning
with Israeli independence was large-scale, unrestricted Jewish immigration, which amounted to 2,850,000 between 1948
and 2000. Differential natural increase of the main ethnoreligious groups further contributed to the changes in population size and
composition.

From page 19, he talks about Arab immigration into Israel for jobs:
The consequence for Israel was that an Arab labor force becameone of the essential prerequisites for the construction of a modern
Jewish state. And as far as the Palestinians were concerned, were it not for the existence of the State of Israel, a large share of
the Palestinian labor force, unable to find employment locally, would have been forced to migrate elsewhere in search of work. Indeed,
about 140,000 Palestinians emigrated from the West Bank during the 1960s—ruled, at the time by Jordan—looking for jobs.
Afterwards, from the 1967 Israeli occupation until 1989, 171,000 Palestinians left the West Bank and 114,000 the Gaza area in search
of the new opportunities opening up in the booming economies of the Gulf States. After the 1991 Gulf War, about 30,000 returned,
and another 30,000—mostly people related to members of the Palestinian Authority's administration and military forces—came
back to Palestine after the Oslo agreements.27

Part of the problem with historic population analysis though is that data can be very unreliable since it's not based on modern methodology. From: MidEast Web - Population of Palestine

Economics and Immigration - Under the British Mandate, which began after WWI, Jewish population increased due to immigration, especially in the 1930s. Arab population also increased at an exceptional rate. According to records, about 18,000 non-Jews entered Palestine between 1930 and 1939 when there were more or less reliable figures. In the same period, about 5,000 non-Jews left. This does not count illegal immigration of course, or immigration prior to 1930. Economic analyses show that by the 1930s the standard of living of Palestinian Arabs was approximately twice that of Arabs in surrounding countries, whereas in Ottoman Turkish times it was lower than in surrounding countries. Some of the farm population may have suffered economic hardship, characteristic of any industrializing and urbanizing society, but in the main, the standard of living improved, and it improved much faster than it did in surrounding countries. There is no doubt that this improvement in conditions was an attractant for immigrants as well as resulting in improved health and larger families. Additionally, British activity in building the port of Haifa during the 1920s and in operating it during WW II undoubtedly attracted at least some immigrants. However, there is no hard evidence that more than 100,000 or 200,000 (out of about 1.3 million in all of Palestine, and about 7-800,000 in the area that was to become Israel in 1948) Palestinians had immigrated to the land that was to become Israel. It is impossible to determine at present when this immigration took place. 100,000 Arabs immigrating in 1880 would have produced many more descendants by 1948 than 100,000 Arabs immigrating in 1930. However, since economic conditions did not improve until mandatory times, it is unlikely that the bulk of the immigration occurred under Turkish administration.
This author also makes the following conclusions: Palestine was not an empty land when Zionist immigration began (estimates range from 410,000 to over 600,000 Arab Muslims and Christians in the 1890's); Zionist settlement did not displace or dispossess Palestinians and while it's not possible to estimate illegal Arab immigration directly, there was some.






THIS IS THE ONLY PARTS THAT SHOULD BE REPEATED AS IT DESTROYS TEAM PALESTINES CLAIMS THAT THERE WERE NEVER ANY JEWS IN PALESTINE AFTER 70C.E.


shows an uninterrupted presence of Jews

Zionist settlement did not displace or dispossess Palestinians

it's not possible to estimate illegal Arab immigration directly, there was some

Kind of destroys your claim that there were no Muslim's in Palestine before the 20th century :lol:





When and where have I claimed that, link please

What I have said is that the majority of arab muslims are recent migrants. Prior to the 20C the evidence shows that the arab muslims were scarce and mostly nomadic in nature. Even the ottomans could not get them to settle and work the land, so invited the Jews to do it for them.


Origins of Palestinians and Jews in Palestine/Israel
The arab muslims ( clue is in their racial name ) and Christians don't have more rights to the land as they are mostly recent arrivals, in fact the arab muslims arrived between the late 1890's and the mid 1960's.
 
Adriaan Reland was a Dutch Jew that never left Holland. He was never in Palestine.

Source? Link?

He was the son of a Protestant minister...I doubt that makes him Jewish. He traveled to over 2500 places that he surveyed.

"Although he never left the Netherlands, Adriaan Reland (1676-1718), a Dutchman, wrote a detailed geographical survey of Palestine in 1696."

Archaeological History of Jerusalem - Jerusalem 101
 

Forum List

Back
Top