Here is a much higher level debate on the subject:
But to answer the thread title and OP:
There were no physical laws during the big bang dumbass, time did not even exist at first. The entire mass of the universe was created thru an orifice about the size of an atom from a tiny speck of energy that expanded and cooled according to the physical laws of this universe to create the stars, the solar systems, and the billions of galaxies.
Some of the key parameters that allowed our universe to survive the Big Bang and create life include:
1. The force of gravity to the Coulomb force
2. Spatial Curvature
en.wikipedia.org
3. Nuclear force
4. Density of matter
5. Dark Matter
6. Dark energy
7. Quantum clumps
8. The chemistry of life, Carbon and Oxygen
9. Water
10. That Neutrons are 0.1% heavier than protons, or else no atoms would have formed
11. Where did all the anti-matter go? An equivalent amount of anti-matter was formed when matter was formed, so where is it?
12. That the mass of the universe was precisely set. More mass and it collapses like a black hole, less mass and it never forms atoms.
Were all of these parameters set by a supreme being, or did they just happen by dumb luck?