RollingThunder
Gold Member
- Mar 22, 2010
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This is HMS Tireless in 1991....at the North Pole.....notice anything?
Yeah, dumbass, I notice the same thing everybody notices every time you post these pictures. We notice submarines surfacing in what are called 'leads' or 'polynas', which you are too deliberately ignorant or utterly brainwashed to acknowledge no matter how many times your delusion is debunked with actual evidence that holes in the Arctic ice sea ice are common occurrences and not some kind of 'proof' of your idiotic contention that the north pole was 'just as warm before so the current melting is nothing new'. How long will you keep repeating this delusion when the evidence that you're wrong is being shoved in your face, you silly retard?
Lead (sea ice)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Leads are stretches of open water within fields of sea ice.[1] Leads are caused by movements of the ice due to wind, or to currents in the underlying water, and may open and close again within a brief period; alternatively they may remain open more or less permanently. The so-called "Big Lead", off the North Greenland coast, was discovered in 1906 by Robert Peary on his first (unsuccessful) North Polar trek, and was still there when he made his second attempt in 1909.
Notice carefully the last item in this encyclopedia entry.
Polynya
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A polynya (common US spelling) or polynia (common UK spelling) (pronounced /pəˈlɪnjə/) is an area of open water surrounded by sea ice.[1] It is now used as geographical term for areas of sea in Arctic or Antarctic regions which remain unfrozen for much of the year. It is a loanword from Russian: полынья, Russian pronunciation: [pəlɨˈnʲja] (polynya or polynia), which means a natural ice hole, and was adopted in the 19th century by polar explorers to describe navigable portions of the sea.[2][3] In past decades, for example, some polynyas, such as the Weddell Polynya, have lasted over multiple winters (19741976).[4]
Contents
* 1 Formation
* 2 Ecology
* 3 Arctic navigation
Formation
Polynyas are formed through two main processes:
* The first mechanism for polynya formation is thermodynamically driven, and occurs when the surface water temperature never reaches the freezing point. This may be due to a region of warm water upwelling, which reduces ice production and may stop it altogether. This type of polynya is called a Sensible Heat Polynya.
* The second type of polynya is called a Latent Heat Polynya and is formed through the action of katabatic wind or ocean currents which act to drive ice away from a fixed boundary, such as a coastline, fast ice, or an ice bridge. The polynya forms initially by the first year pack ice being driven away from the coast, which leaves an area of open water within which new ice is formed. This new ice is then also herded downwind toward the first year pack ice. When it reaches the pack ice the new ice is consolidated onto the first year pack ice. The latent heat polynya is the open water region between the coast and the first year ice pack.
Latent heat polynyas are regions of high ice production and therefore are possible sites of dense water production in both polar regions. The high ice production rates within these polynyas leads to a large amount of brine rejection into the surface waters. This salty water then sinks and mixes to possibly form new water masses. It is an open question as to whether the polynyas of the Arctic can produce enough dense water to form a major portion of the dense water required to drive the thermohaline circulation.
Arctic navigation
When submarines of the U.S. Navy made expeditions to the North Pole in the 1950s and 60s, there was a significant concern about surfacing through the thick pack ice of the Arctic Ocean. In 1962, both the USS Skate and USS Seadragon surfaced within the same, large polynya near the North Pole, for the first polar rendezvous of the U.S. Atlantic Fleet and the U.S. Pacific Fleet.[6]
***