Rigby5
Diamond Member
- Apr 23, 2017
- 31,994
- 10,783
In 1986 mortgage interest rates were around 10%.Not all were irresponsible. Many would have made it if their loans had simply been refinanced to the lower fixed rates.
They had the ability to do that in most cases. If the bank wouldn't allow it, there were other banks to choose from. You don't need to keep your loan with the bank you originally opened the loan with. I would be willing to bet that most had the ability to do that, but didn't pay attention and just lived life day by day.
I bought my first house in 1986. Working two minimum wage jobs and had zero down. My ex still lives in that house.
I don't believe that for a minute. Nobody gave 0% down loans until the housing bubble.
I also remember reading during the bubble that it was the first time banks offered loans with 0% down. I wish I could find an article on it.
Yes, the bubble caused people to assume rising prices would not only pay off for everyone in the long run, but also that is they did not act immediately, rising prices would preclude them from ever being able to buy.
But the banks knew better, and still deceptively encouraged very risky no down payment loans.
What is worse is that these ARM loans, (Adjustable Rate Mortgages) were based on the British Libor instead of the US Primes. Which meant that when the recession hit, instead of mortgage rates going down as well, they artificially were jacked up to almost double what they were.
Libor scandal - Wikipedia
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The Libor scandal was a series of fraudulent actions connected to the Libor (London Interbank Offered Rate) and also the resulting investigation and reaction. The Libor is an average interest rate calculated through submissions of interest rates by major banks across the world. The scandal arose when it was discovered that banks were falsely inflating or deflating their rates so as to profit from trades, or to give the impression that they were more creditworthy than they were.[3] Libor underpins approximately $350 trillion in derivatives. It is currently administered by Intercontinental Exchange, which took over running the Libor in January 2014.[4]
The banks are supposed to submit the actual interest rates they are paying, or would expect to pay, for borrowing from other banks. The Libor is supposed to be the total assessment of the health of the financial system because if the banks being polled feel confident about the state of things, they report a low number and if the member banks feel a low degree of confidence in the financial system, they report a higher interest rate number. In June 2012, multiple criminal settlements by Barclays Bank revealed significant fraud and collusion by member banks connected to the rate submissions, leading to the scandal.[5][6][7]
Because Libor is used in US derivatives markets, an attempt to manipulate Libor is an attempt to manipulate US derivatives markets, and thus a violation of American law. Since mortgages, student loans, financial derivatives, and other financial products often rely on Libor as a reference rate, the manipulation of submissions used to calculate those rates can have significant negative effects on consumers and financial markets worldwide.
On 27 July 2012, the Financial Times published an article by a former trader which stated that Libor manipulation had been common since at least 1991.[8] Further reports on this have since come from the BBC[9][10] and Reuters.[11] On 28 November 2012, the Finance Committee of the Bundestag held a hearing to learn more about the issue.[12]
The British Bankers' Association (BBA) said on 25 September 2012 that it would transfer oversight of Libor to UK regulators, as predicted by bank analysts,[13] proposed by Financial Services Authority managing director Martin Wheatley's independent review recommendations.[14] Wheatley's review recommended that banks submitting rates to Libor must base them on actual inter-bank deposit market transactions and keep records of those transactions, that individual banks' LIBOR submissions be published after three months, and recommended criminal sanctions specifically for manipulation of benchmark interest rates.[15] Financial institution customers may experience higher and more volatile borrowing and hedging costs after implementation of the recommended reforms.[16] The UK government agreed to accept all of the Wheatley Review's recommendations and press for legislation implementing them.[17]
Significant reforms, in line with the Wheatley Review, came into effect in 2013 and a new administrator took over in early 2014.[18][19] The UK controls Libor through laws made in the UK Parliament.[20][21] In particular, the Financial Services Act 2012 brings Libor under UK regulatory oversight and creates a criminal offence for knowingly or deliberately making false or misleading statements relating to benchmark-setting.[18][22]
As of August 2015, UBS trader Tom Hayes was the only person convicted in connection with the Libor scandal. In the UK, six bankers accused over Libor were cleared in early 2016.[23][24]The UK Serious Fraud Office closed its investigation into the rigging of Libor in October 2019 following a detailed review of the available evidence.
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Unfortunately the LIBOR scandal was revealed too late, and no one ever compensated the millions of home owers whose houses were swindled from them.