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In Lawsuit Filed Against Agencies, Public Citizen Argues That Attempts to Stop Production of Parody Merchandise Are Inconsistent With First Amendment
BALTIMORE, Md. – A Minnesota activist who uses images and names of government agencies on satirical merchandise is entitled to do so under the First Amendment, Public Citizen argued in a lawsuit filed today against the National Security Agency (NSA) and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) on behalf of the merchant.
The suit, filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland, targets cease-and-desist letters sent to the merchant’s producer by the NSA and DHS.
On his website LibertyManiacs.com, Sauk Rapids, Minn., resident Dan McCall sells T-shirts, hats, bumper stickers and other items with his designs, printed by Zazzle.com – for example, a mug with the NSA seal above the words “Spying On You Since 1952” and a parodied NSA seal that says “Peeping While You’re Sleeping” above the words “The NSA: The only part of government that actually listens.”
On March 15, 2011, Zazzle received a warning letter from the NSA, and on Aug 11, 2011, it received one from DHS. The NSA said that Zazzle, by selling the merchandise, was in violation of a provision of the National Security Agency Act of 1959 that prohibits the “use [of] the words ‘National Security Agency,’ the initials, ‘NSA,’ the seal of the National Security Agency, or any colorable imitation of such words … in connection with any merchandise, impersonation, solicitation, or commercial activity in a manner reasonably calculated to convey the impression that such use is approved, endorsed, or authorized by the National Security Agency” without the permission of the NSA.
Public Citizen Litigation Group
The National Security Agency and Department of Homeland Security sent cease and desist letters to Zazzle, a company through which members of the public can have their designs imprinted on Tshirts and other merchandise, threatening litigation and even criminal prosecution unless certain parody designs be taken off the virtual storefront of an activist-entrepreneur who used versions of the official agency seals to make fun of the two agencies. Both agencies have special statutes protecting their official seals from misuse, but Public Citizen argues that neither statute can properly be applied to forbid parodies, and that, if the statutes do so apply, they violate the First Amendment.
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Dan McCall, who created several t-shirts on the website Zazzle that featured parodies of the NSA’s logo, has filed for declaratory relief, following the NSA’s admission that it sent cease and desist letters on the grounds that “misusing” the logo constituted copyright infringement. McCall, with the help of the Public Citizen Litigation Group, is also suing the DHS for sending similar letters claiming it is against the law to modify any seal of the US government.
McCall created the following designs, among others, mocking the government agencies:
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