Warming of the surface is directly caused by the Sun. Warming of the surface by the atmosphere is indirect, caused by reducing heat loss from the surface.
The equilibrium temperature of any object is a function of energy input minus energy output. Changing either flow affects the temperature.
Is it correct to say the atmosphere warms the surface? That depends on your interpretation of the verb 'to warm'. Imprecision of terminology is always a problem when people ignore the context. All heat is energy, but not all energy is heat. Vacuum is a term that SSDD uses for what would probably be better described as a void. Communication is difficult when the two parties are not trying to understand the other viewpoint, and are actively splitting hairs by purposely using different definitions of words to disagree.
The equilibrium temperature of any object is a function of energy input minus energy output. Changing either flow affects the temperature.
Is it correct to say the atmosphere warms the surface? That depends on your interpretation of the verb 'to warm'. Imprecision of terminology is always a problem when people ignore the context. All heat is energy, but not all energy is heat. Vacuum is a term that SSDD uses for what would probably be better described as a void. Communication is difficult when the two parties are not trying to understand the other viewpoint, and are actively splitting hairs by purposely using different definitions of words to disagree.