Unlike ICE, nanoflow capacitor discharge can be monitored, like peering into the dynamics of the machine (piston explosion = capacitor discharge):
Capacitor Parameter Observer
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
* implementation of a PO on a microcontroller and its validation on electrolytic capacitors
*real-time estimation of the values Ce and Rse of the capacitor during the discharge process, which is about 20 microseconds
*improvement of the estimation method for the time-equivalent constants used to calculate Ce and Rse.
Capacitor Parameter Observer
![pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/pubmed-meta-image-v2.jpg)
Implementation of Parameter Observer for Capacitors - PubMed
This paper describes the implementation of a parameter observer (<i>PO</i>) intended to estimate the capacitance and equivalent serial resistance of a capacitor (ESR). The implemented observer consists of a dynamic second-order discrete-time system. The input signal of the observer is the...
![pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon.png)
* implementation of a PO on a microcontroller and its validation on electrolytic capacitors
*real-time estimation of the values Ce and Rse of the capacitor during the discharge process, which is about 20 microseconds
*improvement of the estimation method for the time-equivalent constants used to calculate Ce and Rse.