RollingThunder
Gold Member
- Mar 22, 2010
- 4,818
- 525
"You anti-science deniers"?
Yeah, twit, that describes you and the slackjawedidiot and the other denier cultists very well. You have no apparent knowledge of science and you reject the testimony of real scientists. You are brainwashed dupes of the fossil fuel industry. You are totally unable to back up your ridiculous statements with any scientific evidence. Even worse, you mistake lame pseudo-science from some denier cult propaganda outlet for actual science. You make it very obvious that, scientifically, none of you know your ass from a hole in the ground. It is very funny to watch a couple of retards like you and ol' slackjawed trade compliments and conspiracy therories while adding nothing whatsoever of substance to the debate.
Please post one repeatable laboratory experiment demonstrating how a 100PPM increase in CO2 raises temperatures, acidifies the oceans and causes "unstable climate"
OK mr. retardo, here ya go. Not that this will do any good for a fourth grade dropout like you.
Near infrared spectroscopy of carbon dioxide I. 16O12C16O line positions Miller (2004)
Spectroscopic database of CO2 line parameters: 43007000 cm−1 Toth et al. (2008)
Line shape parameters measurement and computations for self-broadened carbon dioxide transitions in the 30012 ← 00001 and 30013 ← 00001 bands, line mixing, and speed dependence Predoi-Cross et al. (2007) Transitions of pure carbon dioxide have been measured using a Fourier transform spectrometer in the 30012 ← 00001 and 30013 ← 00001 vibrational bands. The room temperature spectra, recorded at a resolution of 0.008 cm−1, were analyzed using the Voigt model and a Speed Dependent Voigt line shape model that includes a pressure dependent narrowing parameter. Intensities, self-induced pressure broadening, shifts, and weak line mixing coefficients are determined. The results obtained are consistent with other studies in addition to the theoretically calculated values. [Full text]
Spectroscopic challenges for high accuracy retrievals of atmospheric CO2 and the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) experiment Miller et al. (2005) The space-based Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) mission will achieve global measurements needed to distinguish spatial and temporal gradients in the CO2 column. Scheduled by NASA to launch in 2008, the instrument will obtain averaged dry air mole fraction (XCO2) with a precision of 1 part per million (0.3%) in order to quantify the variation of CO2 sources and sinks and to improve future climate forecasts. Retrievals of XCO2 from ground-based measurements require even higher precisions to validate the satellite data and link them accurately and without bias to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) standard for atmospheric CO2 observations. These retrievals will require CO2 spectroscopic parameters with unprecedented accuracy. Here we present the experimental and data analysis methods implemented in laboratory studies in order to achieve this challenging goal.
Near infrared spectroscopy of carbon dioxide I. 16O12C16O line positions Miller & Brown (2004) High-resolution near-infrared (40009000 cm-1) spectra of carbon dioxide have been recorded using the McMathPierce Fourier transform spectrometer at the Kitt Peak National Solar Observatory. Some 2500 observed positions have been used to determine spectroscopic constants for 53 different vibrational states of the 16O12C16O isotopologue, including eight vibrational states for which laboratory spectra have not previously been reported. This work reduces CO2 near-infrared line position uncertainties by a factor of 10 or more compared to the 2000 HITRAN line list, which has not been modified since the comprehensive work of Rothman et al. [J. Quant. Spectrosc. Rad. Transfer 48 (1992) 537]. [Full text]
Spectra calculations in central and wing regions of CO2 IR bands between 10 and 20 μm. I: model and laboratory measurements Niro et al. (2004) Temperature (200300 K) and pressure (70200 atm) dependent laboratory measurements of infrared transmission by CO2N2 mixtures have been made. From these experiments the absorption coefficient is reconstructed, over a range of several orders of magnitude, between 600 and 1000 cm−1.
Collisional effects on spectral line-shapes Boulet (2004) The growing concern of mankind for the understanding and preserving of its environment has stimulated great interest for the study of planetary atmospheres and, first of all, for that of the Earth. Onboard spectrometers now provide more and more precise information on the transmission and emission of radiation by these atmospheres. Its treatment by retrieval technics, in order to extract vertical profiles (pressure, temperature, volume mixing ratios) requires precise modeling of infrared absorption spectra. Within this framework, accounting for the influence of pressure on the absorption shape is crucial. These effects of inter-molecular collisions between the optically active species and the perturbers are complex and of various types depending mostly on the density of perturbers. The present paper attempts to review and illustrate, through a few examples, the state of the art in this field.
On far-wing Raman profiles by CO2 Benech et al. (2002) Despite the excellent agreement observed in N2 here, a substantial inconsistency between theory and experiment was found in the wing of the spectrum. Although the influence of other missing processes or neighboring bands cannot be totally excluded, our findings rather suggest that highly anisotropic perturbers, such as CO2, are improperly described when they are handled as point-like molecules, a cornerstone hypothesis in the approach employed.
Collision-induced scattering in CO2 gas Teboul et al. (1995) Carbon-dioxide gas rototranslational scattering has been measured at 294.5 K in the frequency range 101000 cm−1 at 23 amagat. The depolarization ratio of scattered intensities in the frequency range 101000 cm−1 is recorded. The theoretical and experimental spectra in the frequency range 10470 cm−1 are compared.
The HITRAN database: 1986 edition Rothman et al. (1987) A description and summary of the latest edition of the AFGL HITRAN molecular absorption parameters database are presented. This new database combines the information for the seven principal atmospheric absorbers and twenty-one additional molecular species previously contained on the AFGL atmospheric absorption line parameter compilation and on the trace gas compilation.
Rotational structure in the infrared spectra of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide dimers Miller & Watts (1984) High-resolution infrared predissociation spectra have been measured for dilute mixtures of CO2 and N2O in helium. Rotational fine structure is clearly resolved for both (CO2)2 and (N2O)2, the linewidths being instrument-limited. This establishes that predissociation lifetimes are longer than approximately 50 ns.
Broadening of Infrared Absorption Lines at Reduced Temperatures: Carbon Dioxide Tubbs & Williams (1972) An evacuated high-resolution Czerny-Turner spectrograph, which is described in this paper, has been used to determine the strengths S and self-broadening parameters γ0 for lines in the R branch of the ν3 fundamental of 12C16O2 at 298 and at 207 K. The values of γ0 at 207 K are greater than those to be expected on the basis of a fixed collision cross section σ.
Investigation of the Absorption of Infrared Radiation by Atmospheric Gases Burch et al. (1970) From spectral transmittance curves of very large samples of CO2 we have determined coefficients for intrinsic absorption and pressure-induced absorption from approximately 1130/cm to 1835/cm.
Absorption of Infrared Radiant Energy by CO2 and H2O. IV. Shapes of Collision-Broadened CO2 Lines Burch et al. (1969) The shapes of the extreme wings of self-broadened CO2 lines have been investigated in three spectral regions near 7000, 3800, and 2400 cm−1. New information has been obtained about the shapes of self-broadened CO2 lines as well as CO2 lines broadened by N2, O2, Ar, He, and H2.
High-Temperature Spectral Emissivities and Total Intensities of the 15-µ Band System of CO2 Ludwig et al. (1966) Spectral-emissivity measurements of the 15-µ band of CO2 were made in the temperature range from 1000° to 2300°K.
Line shape in the wing beyond the band head of the 4·3 μ band of CO2 Winters et al. (1964) Quantitative absorpance measurements have been made in pure CO2 and mixtures of CO2 with N2 and O2 in a 10 m White Perkin-Elmer cell. With absorbing paths up to 50 m-atm, results have been obtained from the band head at 2397 cm−1 to 2575 cm−1.
Emissivity of Carbon Dioxide at 4.3 µ Davies (1964)
Absorption Line Broadening in the Infrared Burch et al. (1962) The effects of various gases on the absorption bands of nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide, methane, carbon dioxide, and water vapor have been investigated.
Total Absorptance of Carbon Dioxide in the Infrared Burch et al. (1962) Total absorptance has been determined as a function of absorber concentration w and equivalent pressure Pe for the major infrared absorption bands of carbon dioxide with centers at 3716, 3609, 2350, 1064, and 961 cm−1.
Rotation-Vibration Spectra of Diatomic and Simple Polyatomic Molecules with Long Absorbing Paths Herzberg & Herzberg (1953) The spectrum of CO2 in the photographic infrared has been studied with absorbing paths up to 5500 m. Thirteen absorption bands were found of which eleven have been analyzed in detail.
The Infrared Absorption Spectrum of Carbon Dioxide Martin & Barker (1932) The complete infrared spectrum of CO2 may consistently be explained in terms of a linear symmetrical model, making use of the selection rules developed by Dennison and the resonance interaction introduced by Fermi. The inactive fundamental ν1 appears only in combination bands, but ν2 at 15μ and ν3 at 4.3μ absorb intensely.
Carbon Dioxide Absorption in the Near Infra-Red Barker (1922) Infra-red absorption bands of CO2 at 2.7 and 4.3 μ. New absorption curves have been obtained, using a special prism-grating double spectrometer of higher resolution (Figs. 1-3). The 2.7 μ region, heretofore considered to be a doublet, proves to be a pair of doublets, with centers at approximately 2.694 μ and 2.767 μ. The 4.3 μ band appears as a single doublet with center at 4.253 μ. The frequency difference between maxima is nearly the same for each of the three doublets, and equal to 4.5 x 1011. Complete resolution of the band series was not effected, even though the slit included only 12 A for the 2.7 μ region, but there is evidently a complicated structure, with a head in each case on the side of shorter wave-lengths. The existence of this head for the 4.3 μ band is also indicated by a comparison with the emission spectrum from a bunsen flame, and the difference in wave-length of the maxima of emission and absorption is explained as a temperature effect similar to that observed with other doublets. [For free full text, click PDF or GIF links in the linked abstract page]
Ueber die Bedeutung des Wasserdampfes und der Kohlensäure bei der Absorption der Erdatmosphäre Ångström (1900)
Observations on the Absorption and Emission of Aqueous Vapor and Carbon Dioxide in the Infra-Red Spectrum Rubens & Aschkinass (1898) Our experiments carried out as described above on the absorption spectrum carbon dioxide very soon showed that we were dealing with a single absorption band whose maximum lies near λ = 14.7 μ. The whole region of absorption is limited to the interval from 12.5 μ to 16 μ, with the maximum at 14.7 μ. [For free full text, click PDF or GIF links in the linked abstract page]
On the absorption of dark heat-rays by gases and vapours Lecher & Pernter (1881) Svante Arrhenius wrote in his famous 1897 paper: Tyndall held the opinion that the water-vapour has the greatest influence, whilst other authors, for instance Lecher and Pernter, are inclined to think that the carbonic acid plays the more important part..
The Bakerian Lecture On the Absorption and Radiation of Heat by Gases and Vapours, and on the Physical Connexion of Radiation, Absorption, and Conduction Tyndall (1861) 150 years ago John Tyndall already showed that carbon dioxide absorbs infrared radiation. [Full text]