When using the S-B equations there are two classes of objects. Those without a power source that emit a fraction of their stored energy every unit of time, and will eventually cool to absolute zero when all the energy is gone. The second type does have a power source, and comes to an equilibrium temperature that emits exactly as much radiation as the energy inputted.
There are two main types of environment that an object can radiate towards. A diffuse thermal bath that sends some radiation towards the object but does not change temperature due to the radiation given off by the object. Or a second object is nearby, both immersed in the thermal environment, and the two objects exchange radiation until they both reach the same temperature.
Of course there is a lot of overlap and these four main types do not even come close to all the possibilities.
So far we have more or less assumed objects and environments are at a single temperature. They are not, temperature gradients are the rule and consistent temperature is very much the exception.
Thermodynamics is incredibly complex. Yes, we have divined many of the simple underlying rules. Translating them to reality is at best a poor approximation.
There are two main types of environment that an object can radiate towards. A diffuse thermal bath that sends some radiation towards the object but does not change temperature due to the radiation given off by the object. Or a second object is nearby, both immersed in the thermal environment, and the two objects exchange radiation until they both reach the same temperature.
Of course there is a lot of overlap and these four main types do not even come close to all the possibilities.
So far we have more or less assumed objects and environments are at a single temperature. They are not, temperature gradients are the rule and consistent temperature is very much the exception.
Thermodynamics is incredibly complex. Yes, we have divined many of the simple underlying rules. Translating them to reality is at best a poor approximation.