Snake Meat......source of chinese virus

[badger2]

The report from post #340 continues, as we find some resonance with asparagine and the serine-to-leucine mutations mentioned earlier:

'....Due to very limited knowledge of this novel virus, we are unable to give reasonable explanations for the significant number of amino acid substitutions between 2019-nCoV and SARS or SARS-like CoVs. For example, no amino acid substitutions were present in the receptor-binding motifs (RBMs) that directly interact with human receptor for ACE2 protein in SARS-CoV, but six mutations occurred in the other region of the RBD (receptor-binding domain). Whether these differences could affect the host tropism and transmission property of 2019-nCoV compared to SARS-CoV is worthy of future investigation.'

There is one comparison chart in this report. We first notice these:

ORF(open reading frame)14, position 99: S--->L

Nsp1 (non-structural protein 1), position 269: S--->L

These substitutions compare with those of post #313.

 

[badger2]

In the same Nsp1 @ position 594, there is S--->N (serine to asparagine). We have already posted the civet link to ACE2: 'Furthermore, in the designed RBD, Thr487 provides limited but helpful support for hotspot-353. Here we constructed a structural model for the complex of 2019-nCoV RBD and civet ACE2. Based on this model, Phe486 of 2019-nCoV RBD forms moderately unfavorable interaction with the polar side chain of Thr82 of civet ACE2, and Leu455 and Gln493 would lose favorable interactions with civet ACE2 but they would still be compatible with civet ACE2. Thus, 2019-nCoV likely still uses civet ACE2 as its receptor, although it appears that 2019-nCoV RBD has not evolved adaptively for civet ACE2 binding.'
(Wan Y, et al [Minnesota/North Carolina], op cit)

 

[badger2]

Pangolin trajectory leads to mice (an inauspicious trajectory), and Sendai virus and this report on Malayan pangolins is not very helpful because it does not name a single coronavirus in the text:

Oct 2019
Viral Metagenomics Revealed Sendai Virus and Coronavirus Infection of Malayan Pangolins (Manis javanica). - PubMed - NCBI
'....The Sendai virus was the most widely distributed pathogen in 11 dead Malayan pangolins, which was one of the potential causes of their death, and had the closest relationship with the strain isolated from humans (AB005795.1) which strongly suggests the possibility that Sendai virus is transmitted between pangolins and humans....Besides Sendai, Coronaviruses were also detected as potential pathogens of Malayan pangolin. The phylogeny of Coronavirus sequences assembled and strains from four Coronavirus genera demonstrated complex genetic relationships and high species diversity in Malayan pangolins....The detection of different types of SARS-CoV in this study may also be related to the death of Malayan pangolins. Considering the outbreak of SARS which was transmitted by masked palm civet from the natural reservoir of bats, Malayan pangolins could be another host with the potential of transmitting SARS to humans. As a consequence, the viral metagenomic study of Malayan pangolin is meaningful both for the conservation of rare wild animals and public health....further studies are required.'

We do, however, pick up more resonance with papain-like mechanisms (previous posts):

Dec 2019 TGEV (Coronaviridae) Glutamine at 3 Sites Inhibit Interferon
Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Nsp5 Inhibits Type I Interferon Production by Cleaving NEMO at Multiple Sites. - PubMed - NCBI

 

[badger2]

The TGEV study is here:
Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Papain-Like Protease 1 Antagonizes Production of Interferon-β through Its Deubiquitinase Activity. - PubMed - NCBI
'....papain-like proteases that inhibit Sendai virus-induced interferon production.'

 

[badger2]

6 minutes ago AFT: 'Chinese companies operate mines on the outskirts of Kitwe in northern Zambia....AS people who recently returned from China showed up with coughs but were not placed in isolation'
Zambia, Africa
'We're definitely not prepared': Africa braces for new virus

 

[badger2]

Deaths now at 906 (post #279)

 

[sparky]

~S~

 

[badger2]

This is a first report on mass weddings due to coronavirus:

Coronavirus Mass Wedding
Thousands of couples tie knot in mass wedding amid coronavirus fears

 

[badger2]

This youtube video does not show up when searched: 'Coronavirus Update 1.5 Million Infected, Over 50,000 Cremated Already,' but does exist. It states '....It's from America....' Yahoo search: "1.5 million infected 50,000" will retrieve the video.

 

[badger2]

We have already mentioned temperature-sensitive mouse hepatitis coronavirus (MHV) in the thread. We investigate serine-to-leucine mutations to compare 2019-nCoV S--->L:

Serine-to-Leucine Neurospora
Characterization of the temperature-sensitive mutations un-7 and png-1 in Neurospora crassa. - PubMed - NCBI
'The sequence of png-1 allele 22-9 included a serine to leucine change at position 279 in the amino acid sequence (C to T at base 836). The changes at positions 273 and 279 are positions that are highly conserved in other organisms. Aspergillus fumigatus EDP54057: serine (S).'

We next attempt to link cold-blooded animals to the serine-to-leucine trajectory:

Aspergillus fumigatus / Cobra Venom Factor
Hemolytic, cytotoxic and complement inactivating properties of extracts of different species of Aspergillus. - PubMed - NCBI
'....The complement inactivating substances present in Aspergillus extracts differ from those of the snake product.'

Feb 2013 South American Rattlesnake Toxin Crotamine
Unraveling the antifungal activity of a South American rattlesnake toxin crotamine. - PubMed - NCBI
'....No detectable activity was observed for the filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichophyton rubrum at concentrations up to 125 micrograms/ml.'

A. fumigatus is apparently resistant while other fungi are not. What would happen when the serine was changed to leucine?

 

[badger2]

There are 444 references to Aspergillus fumigatus pneumonia at Pubmed.

Feb 2018 Epidemiology of Fungal Infections in China
Epidemiology of fungal infections in China. - PubMed - NCBI
'....azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus....'

Since Leishmania accompanies HIV cases, we link azole-resistant Mexican Leishmania:

L. mexicana / Azole Resistance
Naturally azole-resistant Leishmania braziliensis promastigotes are rendered susceptible in the presence of terbinafine: comparative study with azo... - PubMed - NCBI

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Awards $15.1 Million to Treat African Sleeping Sickness and Leishmaniasis
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Awards $15.1 Million To Treat African Sleeping Sickness And Leishmaniasis

 

[badger2]

3 minutes ago WHO On Way to China
WHO advance team on coronavirus on way to China: Tedros tweet

 

[Shawnee_b]

This thread ever gonna die? Sorry, just sik of seeing it

 

[Aletheia4u]

China Exposed: All Of The Ways They Have Been Hiding True Coronavirus Numbers

 

[badger2]

#353: What's not going to die are facts like there is an influenza vaccine yet 12,000 deaths, (and [italics]) as we see on fresh threads bitch about it. Have you thought about going back to school?

 

[badger2]

Since HIV meds used by the Thais against 2019-nCoV was showing positive results, here we link the reasons why bioweapons arguments are more conspiracy theory than fact:

Oct 2018 Beijing Coronavirus Vaccine / Stabilizing Mutations
Stabilized coronavirus spikes are resistant to conformational changes induced by receptor recognition or proteolysis. - PubMed - NCBI
'....The viral spike glycoprotein (S) utilizes ACE2 as a host protein receptor and mediates fusion of the viral and host membranes....We recently developed stabilizing mutations for coronavirus spikes that prevent the transition from the pre-fusion to post-fusion states....Coronavirus S transitions from a meta-stable prefusion state to a highly stable postfusion state as part of the S protein's role in membrane fusion. The instability of the prefusion state presents a significant challenge for the production of protein antigens for antigenic presentation of the prefusion antibody epitopes that are most likely to lead to neutralizing responses. Recently, we presented the design of two proline mutations (2P) for the prefusion stabilization of the coronavirus S proteins. The stabilized MERS-CoV S 2P ectodomain was shown to maintain prefusion spike conformation, and have similar antibody recognition as wild-type S and possesses higher immunogenicity....Strategies similar to those we have used have been employed to stabilize HIV envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimiers in prefusion conformation....The soluble stabilized versions of env undergo large conformational changes upon CD4 binding. Conversely, the ebola virus glycoprotein (GP) undergoes only modest conformational changes upon binding to NPC-1. Thus, these class I fusion machines likely have fundamental differences in the fusion process that requires further study....K968P and V969P mutations were generated.'

We have already mentioned in this thread, env retroviral elements integrating the mouse hepatitis coronavirus genome, while in other USMB threads, bioweapons theories are mentioning env in a conspiracy context. Duh

 

[badger2]

Glad they brought it up:

Today at Avian Flu Talk: Possibly Good to Fight Coronavirus: 'Was researching and found that chloroquine is almost as effective as remdesivir.'

The link to Leishmaniasis and Gates Foundation is also a chloroquine link.

Pubmed search 'chloroquine leishmania,' yields 108 references. The most recent:
Nov 2018 Chloroquine-Sensitive / Chloroquine-Resistant Leishmania
Novel Hydrophilic Riminophenazines as Potent Antiprotozoal Agents. - PubMed - NCBI
'....hydrophilic C-2 aminopyridinyl substituent to improve the leishmanicidal activity.'

Pubmed 'chloroquine snake,' yields 7 references. Crotamine was mentioned in post #350.

Ap 2016 Crotamine Inhibition of Malaria
Inhibition of malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum development by crotamine, a cell penetrating peptide from the snake venom. - PubMed - NCBI

Sept 1988 (U.S. Army Medical Research, Frederick, Md.) Chloroquine / Bungarus multicinctus
Effect of chloroquine on toxicity in mice of the venom and neurotoxins from the snake Bungarus multicinctus. - PubMed - NCBI
'....chloroquine increased the LD50 of beta-bungarotoxin 17-fold....'

Feb 1997 (Japan) Snake Coiled Fibers / Chloroquine / Alzheimer's
Snake coiled fibres in rat soleus muscle in chloroquine induced myopathy share immunohistochemical characteristics with amyloid depositions in Alzh... - PubMed - NCBI

 

[badger2]

2019-nCoV may have links to the sea. Pubmed search 'bungarus chinese tcm', yields 3 references:

1.) (2011) Manis / Bungarus
[Experience of Professor Fan Yongsheng in treating arthralgia with insect drugs]. - PubMed - NCBI
'....Manis Squama, Bungarus Parvus....'

We have already mentioned in this thread that two Bungarus species are mixed together in TCM.

2.) (Feb 1998) Bungarus multicinctus Blyth Adulterants
[Identification of powdered Bungarus multieinctus Blyth and its adulterants]. - PubMed - NCBI
'....Bungarus fascitus ( [sic] fasciatus), Dinodon rufozonatum....'

3.) (Mar 1994 Shenyang) Identification of Bungarus parvus and Its Confused Snakes
[Identification of Bungarus Parvus and its confused snakes]. - PubMed - NCBI

(2011) Pangolin Scale
Substitutes for endangered medicinal animal horns and shells exposed by antithrombotic and anticoagulation effects - ScienceDirect

Bai Hua She / Sea Krait
https://www.plumdragonsherbs.com/products/bai-hua-she
'....Bungarus parvus....'

 

[badger2]

Hong Ban She, Dinodon rufozonatum
Dinodon rufozonatum - Red-banded Snake

 

[badger2]

Bai Hua She (Agkistrodon Acutus)