In the social studies, with which I'm most familiar, by middle school one is trying to teach the underlying philosophy behind government. One is trying to teach comparative religions. One is trying to teach the differences between parliamentary systems vs authoritarian systems. In other words, a combination of compare and contrast, reasonable arguments of why one considers A superior to B, etc. is the norm. Rote isn't the most effective way to teach, nor are there absolutes.
Certainly vocabulary, dates, significant figures can be used in objective questions, but the core learning is not only subjective in nature, it's imperative to developing higher order thinking.
I agree with Annieh.
Not everything can be, or should be, graded on rote memorization and multiple choice. I think that a lot can be learned from students participating in discussion sessions with their classmates. That type of learning cannot be graded objectively, but rather subjectively...is the student showing signs that they are thinking.
Of course EVERYTHING cannot be learned ONE WAY.
Who said scantron's should be the only tool to evaluate learning?
If your child is in a class where the students are discussing literature, and the grade is based on participation, what do you want the teacher to send home? A videotape of the class?