..,"Competition" is nearly an end in of itself and that it always leads to "improvements"...
It is and it does.
I have asked you to point out the improvement from the OP and you have not.
You asked me to give you specific information about the UK, and I pointed out to you that I am not from there. Want to change your question?
The United Kingdom is pretty well wired in. IF there has been improvement from the competition from the OP, it should not be to hard to find.
Indeed, avoiding comment of topics we are not PERSONALLY involved in would eliminate the majority of this board.
You request is not nearly as reasonable as you are pretending, and seems more like a prelude to ",moving the goal posts".
BUT, in the spirit of generosity, do you have an example of competition resulting in improvement that you think shows it to be an Universal constant?
As I have said, the fact that American universities are by far the best in the world is the best example.
I've afraid I don't know enough about the history of American Universities to judge your point.
If you want to use the competition of American Universities, to show that that competition is what made them great AND that to use that to show that competition leading to greatness is a universal constant, you are going to have to explain and expand a LOT.