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Polish Greatness
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Cossack1483
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POLSKA !!!! The Great White Hope
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The Zortrax 3D Printed Motorcycle
Visordown
Printed Polish prototype unveiled
2
Submitted by Joe Murfitt on Mon, 30/01/2017 - 16:01
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POLISH MANUFACTURER of 3D printers - Zortrax - has unveiled the power of their products by designing and printing a motorcycle using their BIG M300 machine.
The middleweight bike is fully functioning and was based on a typical 600cc model. Taking around a month to complete. Parts such as all fairings, screen, lights, seat, tank casing and mirrors were created through the 3D printing technique.
Michal Mosiej, Plastic Processing Specialist at Zortrax, said: "At every stage we faced different challenges. The first was selecting a base model that our projected prototype would fit. Then, there was the complex 3D scanning process, which requires a tremendous amount of technical detail, to ensure we maintained the same dimensions as our scanned model. The most exciting part was the designing process and the assembly, keeping in mind that all our parts must fit perfectly."
Take a look at the promotional video below.
The Zortrax 3D Printed Motorcycle
Visordown
Printed Polish prototype unveiled
2
Submitted by Joe Murfitt on Mon, 30/01/2017 - 16:01
Facebook Twitter Google+ Pinterest
POLISH MANUFACTURER of 3D printers - Zortrax - has unveiled the power of their products by designing and printing a motorcycle using their BIG M300 machine.
The middleweight bike is fully functioning and was based on a typical 600cc model. Taking around a month to complete. Parts such as all fairings, screen, lights, seat, tank casing and mirrors were created through the 3D printing technique.
Michal Mosiej, Plastic Processing Specialist at Zortrax, said: "At every stage we faced different challenges. The first was selecting a base model that our projected prototype would fit. Then, there was the complex 3D scanning process, which requires a tremendous amount of technical detail, to ensure we maintained the same dimensions as our scanned model. The most exciting part was the designing process and the assembly, keeping in mind that all our parts must fit perfectly."
Take a look at the promotional video below.
The Zortrax 3D Printed Motorcycle
SobieskiSavedEurope
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SobieskiSavedEurope
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Polish inventions in the service of the disabled
11
?
With the development of medicines, we can observe revolutionary changes in the lives of the disabled and people suffering from various chronic illnesses. In rehabilitation, nobody today marvels at the use of exoskeletons which allow people to walk who have, up to now, been bound to wheelchairs. Special medical robots aid in the rehabilitation of people with advanced muscular dystrophy, we can use 3-D bioprints for the restitution of human organs, and advanced computer software allows the blind or the deaf-mute to communicate.
Let’s take this opportunity to examine a handful of fascinating projects run by Polish scientists and young visionaries in recent years.
Poles: leaders in rehabilitation
EGZOtech, a company from Gliwice headed by Michał Mikulski, created the world’s first rehabilitation robot that makes use of electromyography (EMG), a test that allows the diagnosis of neural and muscular conditions. Luna is a robot whose construction looks like a table on wheels furnished with a monitor and exchangeable peripheral appendages. These allow to conduct isolated rehabilitation of specific joints, like the shoulder, as well as functional exercises practicing everyday activities. The robot features several microprocessors and sensors and its main purpose is to facilitate the motor coordination of the patient and to increase patient’s muscle strength. Luna’s advanced software monitors and reports both the health condition of the person undergoing rehabilitation and the progress made in real time. The company has already managed to take the device out into the commercial market. This became possible thanks to finding investors and the acquisition of required security certificates. Now the constructors aim at further development of the robot in competition with similar projects conducted in Europe, the US, and China.
Smart phone communicator for deaf-mutes
Five is a mobile application, developed by 18-year-old Mateusz Mach, which was originally designed for communication in the hip-hop world. The main idea behind the project was to offer the possibility of communicating by selecting an appropriate hand gesture on smartphone screen. However, deaf-mutes came to like the idea very much, as the app gives them an intuitive tool for efficient virtual communication that is easy to handle. The app sends one of eight main gestures, which can also be modified for the needs of sign language. Currently the app is integrated with Facebook Messenger and is also available independently for Android and iOS. Thanks to the innovative approach to communication online, Mateusz’s company is valued at approximately PLN 2 m, and is cooperating on the development of the Five App with the United Nations and other organisations.
Smart walking stick for the blind
In April this year the bronze medal at the 45th International Exhibition of Inventions in Geneva went to Łukasz Kolman for the creation of a prototype of a walking stick for the blind furnished with GPS and GSM modules, scanning the space around the blind person in the range from 10 to 150 centimetres. Thanks to sound signals, the user can be notified of an approaching obstacle. The design of an engineer, and earlier a student of mechatronics at the Rzeszow University of Technology is characterised by discreteness. Only the upper section – a tube filled with electronics – is necessary for efficient operation of the device; the bottom section – which resembles a classical walking stick for the blind – can be disconnected. The cost of creating the prototype was PLN 600. The inventor estimates that the market price of the walking stick will not exceed PLN 1,000.
Hands-free computer control
Face Controller is an app that makes it possible to control a computer with facial expressions, movements of the head, and the voice. The application recognises, among other things, six facial expressions—opening of the mouth, smiling, the so-called duckface, closing of the eyes, closing the right eye and closing the left eye—and makes it possible to assign six levels of sensitivity to each (e.g. the degree of opening the mouth). The programme is fully compatible with Windows and makes it possible to control the mouse cursor. The Rzeszow students who designed it won an award during the Imagine Cup, a competition run by Microsoft.
Support for innovation
The Polish National Centre for Research and Development (NCBR), which distributed over PLN 5 billion as part of the Smart Growth Operational Programme, encourages the development of innovative projects, including those in the field of medicine. Altogether, the support for research and its commercialisation in the years from 2014 to 2020 is set to exceed PLN 36 billion.
Polish inventions in the service of the disabled
11
?
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- Polish inventions in the service of the disabled
With the development of medicines, we can observe revolutionary changes in the lives of the disabled and people suffering from various chronic illnesses. In rehabilitation, nobody today marvels at the use of exoskeletons which allow people to walk who have, up to now, been bound to wheelchairs. Special medical robots aid in the rehabilitation of people with advanced muscular dystrophy, we can use 3-D bioprints for the restitution of human organs, and advanced computer software allows the blind or the deaf-mute to communicate.
Let’s take this opportunity to examine a handful of fascinating projects run by Polish scientists and young visionaries in recent years.
Poles: leaders in rehabilitation
EGZOtech, a company from Gliwice headed by Michał Mikulski, created the world’s first rehabilitation robot that makes use of electromyography (EMG), a test that allows the diagnosis of neural and muscular conditions. Luna is a robot whose construction looks like a table on wheels furnished with a monitor and exchangeable peripheral appendages. These allow to conduct isolated rehabilitation of specific joints, like the shoulder, as well as functional exercises practicing everyday activities. The robot features several microprocessors and sensors and its main purpose is to facilitate the motor coordination of the patient and to increase patient’s muscle strength. Luna’s advanced software monitors and reports both the health condition of the person undergoing rehabilitation and the progress made in real time. The company has already managed to take the device out into the commercial market. This became possible thanks to finding investors and the acquisition of required security certificates. Now the constructors aim at further development of the robot in competition with similar projects conducted in Europe, the US, and China.
Smart phone communicator for deaf-mutes
Five is a mobile application, developed by 18-year-old Mateusz Mach, which was originally designed for communication in the hip-hop world. The main idea behind the project was to offer the possibility of communicating by selecting an appropriate hand gesture on smartphone screen. However, deaf-mutes came to like the idea very much, as the app gives them an intuitive tool for efficient virtual communication that is easy to handle. The app sends one of eight main gestures, which can also be modified for the needs of sign language. Currently the app is integrated with Facebook Messenger and is also available independently for Android and iOS. Thanks to the innovative approach to communication online, Mateusz’s company is valued at approximately PLN 2 m, and is cooperating on the development of the Five App with the United Nations and other organisations.
Smart walking stick for the blind
In April this year the bronze medal at the 45th International Exhibition of Inventions in Geneva went to Łukasz Kolman for the creation of a prototype of a walking stick for the blind furnished with GPS and GSM modules, scanning the space around the blind person in the range from 10 to 150 centimetres. Thanks to sound signals, the user can be notified of an approaching obstacle. The design of an engineer, and earlier a student of mechatronics at the Rzeszow University of Technology is characterised by discreteness. Only the upper section – a tube filled with electronics – is necessary for efficient operation of the device; the bottom section – which resembles a classical walking stick for the blind – can be disconnected. The cost of creating the prototype was PLN 600. The inventor estimates that the market price of the walking stick will not exceed PLN 1,000.
Hands-free computer control
Face Controller is an app that makes it possible to control a computer with facial expressions, movements of the head, and the voice. The application recognises, among other things, six facial expressions—opening of the mouth, smiling, the so-called duckface, closing of the eyes, closing the right eye and closing the left eye—and makes it possible to assign six levels of sensitivity to each (e.g. the degree of opening the mouth). The programme is fully compatible with Windows and makes it possible to control the mouse cursor. The Rzeszow students who designed it won an award during the Imagine Cup, a competition run by Microsoft.
Support for innovation
The Polish National Centre for Research and Development (NCBR), which distributed over PLN 5 billion as part of the Smart Growth Operational Programme, encourages the development of innovative projects, including those in the field of medicine. Altogether, the support for research and its commercialisation in the years from 2014 to 2020 is set to exceed PLN 36 billion.
Polish inventions in the service of the disabled
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Eugene Lazowski
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Eugene Lazowski
Eugeniusz Łazowski, Poland
Born 1913 (1913)
Częstochowa, Poland
Died December 16, 2006(2006-12-16) (aged 92–93)
Eugene, Oregon, United States
Nationality Polish
Occupation Doctor
Eugene Lazowski born Eugeniusz Sławomir Łazowski (1913, Częstochowa, Poland – December 16, 2006, Eugene, Oregon, United States) was a Polish medical doctor who saved thousands of Jews during the Holocaust by creating a fake epidemic which played on German phobias about hygiene. By doing this, he risked the German death penalty, which was applied to Poles who helped Jews in the Holocaust.
Contents
[1 World War II
World War II[edit]
Before the onset of World War II Eugeniusz Łazowski obtained a medical degree at the Józef Piłsudski University in Warsaw. During World War II Łazowski served as a Polish Army Second Lieutenant on a Red Cross train, then as a military doctor of the Polish resistance Home Army. Following the German occupation of Poland Łazowski resided in Rozwadów with his wife and young daughter. Łazowski spent time in a prisoner-of-war camp prior to his arrival in the town, where he reunited with his family and began practicing medicine with his medical-school friend Dr Stanisław Matulewicz. Using a medical discovery by Matulewicz, that healthy people could be injected with a vaccine that would make them test positive for typhus without experiencing the disease, Łazowski created a fake outbreak of epidemic typhus in and around the town of Rozwadów (now a district of Stalowa Wola), which the Germans then quarantined. This saved an estimated 8,000 Polish Jews from certain death in German concentration camps during the Holocaust.
Later life[edit]
In 1958, Lazowski emigrated to the United States on a scholarship from the Rockefeller Foundation and in 1976 became professor of pediatrics at the University of Illinois at Chicago. He wrote a memoir entitled Prywatna wojna (My Private War) reprinted several times, as well as over a hundred scientific dissertations.[1]
Lazowski retired from practice in the late 1980s. He died in 2006 in Eugene, Oregon, where he had been living with his daughter.[2]
The fake typhus epidemic[edit]
After Lazowski's friend Dr Stanisław Matulewicz discovered that by injecting a healthy person with a vaccine of dead bacteria, that person would test positive for epidemic typhus without experiencing the symptoms, the two doctors hatched a secret plan to save about a dozen villages in the vicinity of Rozwadów and Zbydniów not only from forced labor exploitation, but also Nazi extermination.
Germans were terrified of the disease because it was highly contagious. Those infected with typhus were not sent to Nazi concentration camps. Instead, when a sufficient number of people were infected, the Germans would quarantine the entire area. However, the Germans would not enter the FLECKFIEBER zone, fearing the disease would spread to them also.
In this way, while Dr. Lazowski and Dr. Matulewicz did not hide Jewish families, they were able to spare 8,000 people from 12 ghettos from summary executions and inevitable deportations to concentration camps. Jews who tested positive for typhus were summarily massacred by the Nazis, so doctors injected the non-Jewish population in neighborhoods surrounding the ghettos, knowing that a possibility of widespread outbreak inside would cause Germans to abandon the area and thus spare local Jews in the process.
A documentary about Dr. Eugene Lazowski entitled "A Private War" was made by a television producer, Ryan Bank, who followed Lazowski back to Poland and recorded testimonies of people whose families were saved by the fake epidemic.[3]
Eugene Lazowski - Wikipedia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Eugene Lazowski
_Lazowski,_Poland.jpg)
Eugeniusz Łazowski, Poland
Born 1913 (1913)
Częstochowa, Poland
Died December 16, 2006(2006-12-16) (aged 92–93)
Eugene, Oregon, United States
Nationality Polish
Occupation Doctor
Eugene Lazowski born Eugeniusz Sławomir Łazowski (1913, Częstochowa, Poland – December 16, 2006, Eugene, Oregon, United States) was a Polish medical doctor who saved thousands of Jews during the Holocaust by creating a fake epidemic which played on German phobias about hygiene. By doing this, he risked the German death penalty, which was applied to Poles who helped Jews in the Holocaust.
Contents
[1 World War II
World War II[edit]
Before the onset of World War II Eugeniusz Łazowski obtained a medical degree at the Józef Piłsudski University in Warsaw. During World War II Łazowski served as a Polish Army Second Lieutenant on a Red Cross train, then as a military doctor of the Polish resistance Home Army. Following the German occupation of Poland Łazowski resided in Rozwadów with his wife and young daughter. Łazowski spent time in a prisoner-of-war camp prior to his arrival in the town, where he reunited with his family and began practicing medicine with his medical-school friend Dr Stanisław Matulewicz. Using a medical discovery by Matulewicz, that healthy people could be injected with a vaccine that would make them test positive for typhus without experiencing the disease, Łazowski created a fake outbreak of epidemic typhus in and around the town of Rozwadów (now a district of Stalowa Wola), which the Germans then quarantined. This saved an estimated 8,000 Polish Jews from certain death in German concentration camps during the Holocaust.
Later life[edit]
In 1958, Lazowski emigrated to the United States on a scholarship from the Rockefeller Foundation and in 1976 became professor of pediatrics at the University of Illinois at Chicago. He wrote a memoir entitled Prywatna wojna (My Private War) reprinted several times, as well as over a hundred scientific dissertations.[1]
Lazowski retired from practice in the late 1980s. He died in 2006 in Eugene, Oregon, where he had been living with his daughter.[2]
The fake typhus epidemic[edit]
After Lazowski's friend Dr Stanisław Matulewicz discovered that by injecting a healthy person with a vaccine of dead bacteria, that person would test positive for epidemic typhus without experiencing the symptoms, the two doctors hatched a secret plan to save about a dozen villages in the vicinity of Rozwadów and Zbydniów not only from forced labor exploitation, but also Nazi extermination.
Germans were terrified of the disease because it was highly contagious. Those infected with typhus were not sent to Nazi concentration camps. Instead, when a sufficient number of people were infected, the Germans would quarantine the entire area. However, the Germans would not enter the FLECKFIEBER zone, fearing the disease would spread to them also.
In this way, while Dr. Lazowski and Dr. Matulewicz did not hide Jewish families, they were able to spare 8,000 people from 12 ghettos from summary executions and inevitable deportations to concentration camps. Jews who tested positive for typhus were summarily massacred by the Nazis, so doctors injected the non-Jewish population in neighborhoods surrounding the ghettos, knowing that a possibility of widespread outbreak inside would cause Germans to abandon the area and thus spare local Jews in the process.
A documentary about Dr. Eugene Lazowski entitled "A Private War" was made by a television producer, Ryan Bank, who followed Lazowski back to Poland and recorded testimonies of people whose families were saved by the fake epidemic.[3]
Eugene Lazowski - Wikipedia
SobieskiSavedEurope
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Ryszard Kuklinski -- key spy for U.S. during Cold War
Yvonne Shinhoster Lamb, The Washington Post
Published 4:00 am, Friday, February 13, 2004
Col. Kuklinski was considered one of the top U.S. Cold War spies. As a Polish army officer during the Communist era, Col. Kuklinski passed about 35, 000 secret Soviet military documents to the CIA at time when relations between Washington and the Soviet Union were especially tense. The voluminous plans detailed the Soviet government's efforts to pursue war in Europe and the intentions of Poland's Communist government in 1981 to impose martial law and crack down on the anticommunist Solidarity movement.
CIA Director George Tenet called Col. Kuklinski "a true hero of the Cold War to whom we all owe an everlasting debt."
Tenet said the information that Col. Kuklinski provided assisted the CIA in making critical national security decisions and helped keep the Cold War from escalating. "It is in great measure due to the bravery and sacrifice of Col. Kuklinski that his own native Poland, and the other once-captive nations of Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, are now free."
Video produced by Fresco News
Former Polish President Lech Walesa, who founded Solidarity and led the Poles out of communism, said that Col. Kuklinski was "a spy for the right cause." He said Col. Kuklinski risked his life to do something few others would do.
Col. Kuklinski fled to the United States with his family in 1981 just before martial law was imposed. He had been living in the United States under an assumed name in a secret location.
Col. Kuklinski was born June 13, 1930, in Warsaw. He used his position as ex-military planner who became a trusted assistant to Communist leader Wojciech Jaruzelski to obtain information about the inner workings of the Warsaw Pact military alliance.
From 1972 to 1981, just before the Communist regime declared martial law, Col. Kuklinski slipped every Soviet military paper he could get his hands on to the CIA. By 1981, tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union were high, and war in Europe seemed a possibility.
Tenet said that Col. Kuklinski's efforts "helped keep the Cold War from becoming hot."
In 1984, he was tried in absentia by a military court and found guilty of treason and desertion. He was sentenced to death.
In 1998, the Polish government, not wanting any obstacles to its bids to join NATO, cleared Col. Kuklinski, saying it accepted his explanation that he acted in the best interest of his country. He had maintained that he wanted to protect Poland in the event of an East-West conflict in Europe and that the Soviets wanted to use Poland as a nuclear front line.
For years after his defection, mention of Col. Kuklinski's name in Poland triggered deep feelings among many who felt he had betrayed his country, published reports recounted.
When Col. Kuklinski finally returned to Poland in 1998, Jaruzelski, Poland's last Communist-era leader, said in a Washington Post interview: "I think it's natural that he returns as a Pole to his country. Poland has changed. This terrible situation has ceased to exist. ... But to consider him, to treat him, as a hero would be to discredit those who served the army at the time."
For his part, in a 1998 Washington Post article, Col. Kuklinski said that he did not want to be considered a hero. "I was an ordinary solider who wanted to perform his duties to his motherland," he said.
Col. Kuklinski experienced his share of personal tragedy while living in the United States. Both his adult sons were killed in what some consider suspicious circumstances. One died in a car accident, and the other was killed in a boating accident. He is survived by his wife, Joanna Kuklinski, and a grandson.
Ryszard Kuklinski -- key spy for U.S. during Cold War
Yvonne Shinhoster Lamb, The Washington Post
Published 4:00 am, Friday, February 13, 2004
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Col. Kuklinski was considered one of the top U.S. Cold War spies. As a Polish army officer during the Communist era, Col. Kuklinski passed about 35, 000 secret Soviet military documents to the CIA at time when relations between Washington and the Soviet Union were especially tense. The voluminous plans detailed the Soviet government's efforts to pursue war in Europe and the intentions of Poland's Communist government in 1981 to impose martial law and crack down on the anticommunist Solidarity movement.
CIA Director George Tenet called Col. Kuklinski "a true hero of the Cold War to whom we all owe an everlasting debt."
Tenet said the information that Col. Kuklinski provided assisted the CIA in making critical national security decisions and helped keep the Cold War from escalating. "It is in great measure due to the bravery and sacrifice of Col. Kuklinski that his own native Poland, and the other once-captive nations of Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, are now free."
Video produced by Fresco News
Former Polish President Lech Walesa, who founded Solidarity and led the Poles out of communism, said that Col. Kuklinski was "a spy for the right cause." He said Col. Kuklinski risked his life to do something few others would do.
Col. Kuklinski fled to the United States with his family in 1981 just before martial law was imposed. He had been living in the United States under an assumed name in a secret location.
Col. Kuklinski was born June 13, 1930, in Warsaw. He used his position as ex-military planner who became a trusted assistant to Communist leader Wojciech Jaruzelski to obtain information about the inner workings of the Warsaw Pact military alliance.
From 1972 to 1981, just before the Communist regime declared martial law, Col. Kuklinski slipped every Soviet military paper he could get his hands on to the CIA. By 1981, tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union were high, and war in Europe seemed a possibility.
Tenet said that Col. Kuklinski's efforts "helped keep the Cold War from becoming hot."
In 1984, he was tried in absentia by a military court and found guilty of treason and desertion. He was sentenced to death.
In 1998, the Polish government, not wanting any obstacles to its bids to join NATO, cleared Col. Kuklinski, saying it accepted his explanation that he acted in the best interest of his country. He had maintained that he wanted to protect Poland in the event of an East-West conflict in Europe and that the Soviets wanted to use Poland as a nuclear front line.
For years after his defection, mention of Col. Kuklinski's name in Poland triggered deep feelings among many who felt he had betrayed his country, published reports recounted.
When Col. Kuklinski finally returned to Poland in 1998, Jaruzelski, Poland's last Communist-era leader, said in a Washington Post interview: "I think it's natural that he returns as a Pole to his country. Poland has changed. This terrible situation has ceased to exist. ... But to consider him, to treat him, as a hero would be to discredit those who served the army at the time."
For his part, in a 1998 Washington Post article, Col. Kuklinski said that he did not want to be considered a hero. "I was an ordinary solider who wanted to perform his duties to his motherland," he said.
Col. Kuklinski experienced his share of personal tragedy while living in the United States. Both his adult sons were killed in what some consider suspicious circumstances. One died in a car accident, and the other was killed in a boating accident. He is survived by his wife, Joanna Kuklinski, and a grandson.
Ryszard Kuklinski -- key spy for U.S. during Cold War
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[
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Aug 5 2017, 3:30 AM by HISTORY Canada
August 5, 1944 – Hundreds of Jews are freed from forced labor in Warsaw
On this day in 1944, Polish insurgents liberate a German forced-labor camp in Warsaw, freeing 348 Jewish prisoners, who join in a general uprising against the German occupiers of the city. As the Red Army advanced on Warsaw in July, Polish patriots, still loyal to their government-in-exile back in London, prepared to overthrow their German occupiers. On July 29, the Polish Home Army (underground), the People’s Army (a communist guerilla movement), and armed civilians took back two-thirds of Warsaw from the Germans.
On August 4, the Germans counterattacked, mowing down Polish civilians with machine-gun fire. By August 5, more than 15,000 Poles were dead. The Polish command cried to the Allies for help. Churchill telegraphed Stalin, informing him that the British intended to drop ammunition and other supplies into the southwest quarter of Warsaw to aid the insurgents. The prime minister asked Stalin to aid in the insurgents’ cause. Stalin balked, claiming the insurgency was too insignificant to waste time with. Britain succeeded to getting some aid to the Polish patriots, but the Germans also succeeded-in dropping incendiary bombs.
The Poles fought on, and on August 5 they freed Jewish forced laborers who then joined in the battle, some of whom formed a special platoon dedicated solely to repairing captured German tanks for use in the struggle. The Poles would battle on for weeks against German reinforcements, and without Soviet help, as Joseph Stalin had his own plans for Poland.
August 5, 1944 – Hundreds of Jews are freed from forced labor in Warsaw
August 5, 1944 – Hundreds of Jews are freed from forced labor in Warsaw
On this day in 1944, Polish insurgents liberate a German forced-labor camp in Warsaw, freeing 348 Jewish prisoners, who join in a general uprising against the German occupiers of the city. As the Red Army advanced on Warsaw in July, Polish patriots, still loyal to their government-in-exile back in London, prepared to overthrow their German occupiers. On July 29, the Polish Home Army (underground), the People’s Army (a communist guerilla movement), and armed civilians took back two-thirds of Warsaw from the Germans.
On August 4, the Germans counterattacked, mowing down Polish civilians with machine-gun fire. By August 5, more than 15,000 Poles were dead. The Polish command cried to the Allies for help. Churchill telegraphed Stalin, informing him that the British intended to drop ammunition and other supplies into the southwest quarter of Warsaw to aid the insurgents. The prime minister asked Stalin to aid in the insurgents’ cause. Stalin balked, claiming the insurgency was too insignificant to waste time with. Britain succeeded to getting some aid to the Polish patriots, but the Germans also succeeded-in dropping incendiary bombs.
The Poles fought on, and on August 5 they freed Jewish forced laborers who then joined in the battle, some of whom formed a special platoon dedicated solely to repairing captured German tanks for use in the struggle. The Poles would battle on for weeks against German reinforcements, and without Soviet help, as Joseph Stalin had his own plans for Poland.
August 5, 1944 – Hundreds of Jews are freed from forced labor in Warsaw
SobieskiSavedEurope
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Warsaw Skyscraper Wins Property Oscar
July 18, 2017
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Warsaw Spire, an office tower developed by Ghelamco Poland, was voted the best office project at this years MIPIM real estate exhibition in Cannes, France.
The only Polish submission for the MIPIM Awards 2017, the Warsaw Spire office tower is a flagship project by the Polish subsidiary of Ghelamco, a Belgian-based developer. Opened last year just west of Warsaw city center, the skyscraper beat competition from cities such as London and Rome. Ghelamco Group founder Paul Gheysens collected the main MIPIM prize for the Warsaw Spire at an awards ceremony in Cannes March 16.
The most prestigious event for the international real estate industry, the MIPIM exhibition has for 30 years brought together leading developers, contractors, investors, consultants and property market experts from around the world. They come to the French resort to share expertise, network and showcase their top projects.
Every year, the best new projects and designs compete for the events awards, and this year the most coveted of those went to Ghelamco Poland. The competition judges and MIPIM participants named the Warsaw Spire the Best Office & Business Development in the world, ahead of a total of 250 submissions from 44 countries.
Jeroen van der Toolen, the managing director at Ghelamco CEE, described the MIPIM Award 2017 for Ghelamco Poland as the crowning achievement of the work put in the Warsaw Spire project by everyone involved in it.
I would very much like to thank all those who believed in our vision and invested their knowledge, time and hearts in the Warsaw Spire development, van der Toolen said in Cannes. The project has transformed Warsaws image and become a global symbol of new thinking about commercial construction.
The 220-meter-tall skyscraper houses 109,000 square meters of office space, making it both the largest and tallest office building in Poland. The tower has redefined Warsaws cityscape, becoming an icon of its rapid growth. The building forms a whole with Plac Europejski (Europe Square), a new public space replacing a former industrial quarter.
The Warsaw Voice
July 18, 2017
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Warsaw Spire, an office tower developed by Ghelamco Poland, was voted the best office project at this years MIPIM real estate exhibition in Cannes, France.
The only Polish submission for the MIPIM Awards 2017, the Warsaw Spire office tower is a flagship project by the Polish subsidiary of Ghelamco, a Belgian-based developer. Opened last year just west of Warsaw city center, the skyscraper beat competition from cities such as London and Rome. Ghelamco Group founder Paul Gheysens collected the main MIPIM prize for the Warsaw Spire at an awards ceremony in Cannes March 16.
The most prestigious event for the international real estate industry, the MIPIM exhibition has for 30 years brought together leading developers, contractors, investors, consultants and property market experts from around the world. They come to the French resort to share expertise, network and showcase their top projects.
Every year, the best new projects and designs compete for the events awards, and this year the most coveted of those went to Ghelamco Poland. The competition judges and MIPIM participants named the Warsaw Spire the Best Office & Business Development in the world, ahead of a total of 250 submissions from 44 countries.
Jeroen van der Toolen, the managing director at Ghelamco CEE, described the MIPIM Award 2017 for Ghelamco Poland as the crowning achievement of the work put in the Warsaw Spire project by everyone involved in it.
I would very much like to thank all those who believed in our vision and invested their knowledge, time and hearts in the Warsaw Spire development, van der Toolen said in Cannes. The project has transformed Warsaws image and become a global symbol of new thinking about commercial construction.
The 220-meter-tall skyscraper houses 109,000 square meters of office space, making it both the largest and tallest office building in Poland. The tower has redefined Warsaws cityscape, becoming an icon of its rapid growth. The building forms a whole with Plac Europejski (Europe Square), a new public space replacing a former industrial quarter.
The Warsaw Voice
SobieskiSavedEurope
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SobieskiSavedEurope
Gold Member
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- Banned
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Żegota
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Żegota (disambiguation).
The third anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising with members of Żegota, Warsaw, April 1946. Seated, from right to left: Piotr Gajewski, Ferdynand Marek Arczyński, Władysław Bartoszewski, Adolf Berman and Tadeusz Rek
"Żegota" (Polish pronunciation: [ʐɛˈɡɔta] (
listen)), also known as the "Konrad Żegota Committee",[1][2] was a codename for the Polish Council to Aid Jews (Polish: Rada Pomocy Żydom), an underground organization of Polish resistance in German-occupied Poland active from 1942 to 1945.
Contents
[1 Composition
Composition[edit]
The Council to Aid Jews, Żegota, was the continuation of an earlier secret organization set up for the purpose of rescuing Jews in German-occupied Poland, the Provisional Committee to Aid Jews (Tymczasowy Komitet Pomocy Żydom). The Provisional Committee was founded on September 27, 1942 by Zofia Kossak-Szczucka and Wanda Krahelska-Filipowicz ("Alinka"). It was made up of mostly of Polish Catholic activists. Within a short time, the original Committee had 180 persons under its care, but was dissolved for political and financial reasons. Żegota was created to supersede it on December 4, 1942.[2]
"The Mass Extermination of Jews in German Occupied Poland", by the Polish government-in-exile addressed to the wartime allies of the then-United Nations, 1942
It is estimated that about half of the Jews who survived the Holocaust in Poland (thus over 50,000) were aided in some shape or form by Żegota founded in 1942. Żegota had around one hundred (100) cells, operating mostly in Warsaw where it distributed relief funds to about 3,000 Jews. The second-largest branch was in Kraków, and there were smaller branches in Wilno (Vilnius) and Lwów (L'viv). In all, 4,000 Jews received funds from Żegota directly, 5,600 from the Jewish National Committee and 2,000 from the Bund (because of overlaps, the total number of Jews helped by all three organizations in Warsaw was about 8,500). This aid reached about one-third of the Jews in hiding in Warsaw, but mostly not until late 1943 or 1944. The systematic killing of Jews began to take place, so it was hard to save Jews already in the ghetto. That is why they only protected Jews located in hiding in Poland.[3]
Żegota was the brainchild of Henryk Woliński of the Home Army (AK). From its inception, the elected General Secretary of Żegota was Julian Grobelny, an activist in prewar Polish Socialist Party. Its Treasurer, Ferdynand Arczyński, was a member of the Polish Democratic Party. They were also two of its most active workers. Members included Władysław Bartoszewski, later Polish Foreign Minister (1995, 2000). Żegota was the only Polish organization in World War II run jointly by Jews and non-Jews from a wide range of political movements. Structurally, the organization was formed by Polish and Jewish underground political parties.
Jewish organizations were represented on the central committee by Adolf Berman and Leon Feiner. The member organizations were the Jewish National Committee (an umbrella group representing the Zionist parties) and the Marxist General Jewish Labour Bund. Both Jewish parties operated independently also, using money from Jewish organizations abroad channelled to them by the Polish underground. They helped to subsidize the Polish branch of the organization, whose funding from the Polish government in exile (in London) reached significant proportions only in the late Spring of 1944. On the Polish side, political participation included the Polish Socialist Party as well as Democratic Party (Stronnictwo Demokratyczne) and a small rightist Front Odrodzenia Polski. Notably, the main right-wing party, the National Party (Stronnictwo Narodowe) refused to participate.
Kossak-Szczucka withdrew from participation from the onset. She had wanted Żegota to become an example of "pure Christian charity" and argued that the Jews had their own international charity organizations. She went on to act in the Social Self-Help Organization (Społeczna Organizacja Samopomocy - SOS) as a liaison between Żegota and Catholic convents and orphanages as well as other public orphanages, which jointly hid many Jewish children. Żegota's children's section was headed by Irena Sendler, a Polish social worker and activist, who was nominated for a Nobel Prize before her death in 2008.[1]
According to a letter by Adolf Berman, the Jewish Secretary of Żegota and head of the Jewish National Committee, dated February 26, 1977, there were other activists who were especially meritorious. He mentioned theatre artist Prof. Maria Grzegorzewska, psychologist Irena Solska, Janina Buchholtz-Bukolska*, educator Irena Sawicka*, scouting activist Dr. Ewa Rybicka, school principal Irena Kurowska, Prof. Stanisław Ossowski and Prof. Maria Ossowska, zoo director Dr. Jan Żabiński* and his wife Antonina*, a writer Stefania Sempołowska, the unforgettable director of children's theatres Jan Wesołowski*, Sylwia Rzeczycka*, Maria Łaska, Maria Derwisz-Parnowska (later Kwiatowska*). Former Senator Zofia Rodziewicz, Zofia Derwisz-Latalowa, Dr. Regina Fleszar and others had great merits. Beside the university educated people there were members of the working-class like Waleria Malaczewska, Antonina Roguska, Jadwiga Leszczanin, Zofia Dębicka*, tailor Stanisław Michalski, farmers Kajszczak from Łomianki and Paweł Harmuszko, laborer Kazimierz Kuc and many others. Those with an asterisk (*) after their name have been recognized by Yad Vashem as Righteous Among the Nations up to the end of 1999.[4]
The largest cell of Żegota (Felicja) was led by Mieczysław Herling-Grudziński, a wealthy lawyer, who hid 600 Jews (out of the 3,000 helped by Żegota in Warsaw) on his suburban estate in Boernerowo (today Bemowo).[citation needed]
Activities[edit]
Żegota Letter from January 1943 to Polish government-in-exile. Request for funds to aid.
Żegota helped save some 4,000 Polish Jews by providing food, medical care, relief money, and false identity documents for those hiding on the so-called "Aryan side" of German-occupied Poland. Most of its activity took place in Warsaw. The Jewish National Committee had some 5,600 Jews under its care and the Bund, an additional 1,500, but the activities of the three organizations overlapped to a considerable degree. Between them, they were able to reach some 8,500 of the 28,000 Jews hiding in Warsaw, and perhaps another 1,000 Jews hiding elsewhere in Poland.
Help in the forms of money, food, and medicines was organised by Żegota for the Jews in several forced labour camps in Poland as well.[5] Financial aid as well as forged identity documents was procured for those hiding on the "Aryan side". The escape of Jews from ghettos, camps, and deportation trains occurred mostly spontaneously through personal contacts, and most of the help that was extended to Jews in the country was similarly personal in nature. Because Jews in hiding preferred to remain well-concealed, Żegota had trouble finding them. Its activities therefore did not develop on a larger scale until late in 1943.
The German occupying forces made concealing Jews a crime punishable by death for every Pole (the head of the household and his or her entire family) living in a house where Jews were discovered. Over 700 Polish heroes, murdered by Germans as a result of helping and sheltering their Jewish neighbors, were posthumously awarded the title, Righteous Among the Nations, by Yad Vashem,[6] but these seven hundred were only a small percentage of thousands of Poles reportedly executed by the Nazis for aiding Jews:[7] "the number of Poles who perished at the hands of the Germans for aiding Jews" may have been as high as fifty thousand.[8] "Władysław Bartoszewski, who worked for Żegota during the war[,] estimates that [despite these executions] 'at least several hundred thousand Poles... participated in various ways and forms in the rescue action [for Jews].' Recent research suggests that a million Poles were involved" in giving aid,[8] "but some estimates go as high as three million" for those who were passively protective.[8] More specific estimates indicate that some 100,000 to 300,000 Poles met Yad Vashem’s criteria, having been directly engaged in rescuing Jews despite the threat of death, which did deter others.[9]
Żegota played a large part in placing Jewish children with foster families, public orphanages, and church orphanages and convents. Foster families had to be told that the children were Jewish, so that they could take appropriate precautions, especially in the case of boys (Jewish boys, unlike most Poles, were circumcised). Żegota sometimes paid for the children's care. In Warsaw, Żegota's children department, headed by Irena Sendler, cared for 2,500 of the 9,000 Jewish children smuggled out of the Warsaw Ghetto. Sendler attempted to return these children to their parents at the end of World War II, but almost all the parents had died at Treblinka.
Medical attention for the Jews in hiding was also made available through the Committee of Democratic and Socialist Physicians. Żegota had ties with many ghettos and camps. It also made numerous efforts to induce the Polish Government in Exile and the Delegatura to appeal to the Polish population to help the persecuted Jews.[10]
Postwar recognition[edit]
Yad Vashem, Jerusalem, Israel
Żegota was memorialised in Israel in 1963 with a planting of a tree in the Avenue of the Righteous at Yad Vashem. Władysław Bartoszewski was present at the event.
Quotes[edit]
Żegota - Wikipedia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Żegota (disambiguation).
1946.jpg)
The third anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising with members of Żegota, Warsaw, April 1946. Seated, from right to left: Piotr Gajewski, Ferdynand Marek Arczyński, Władysław Bartoszewski, Adolf Berman and Tadeusz Rek
"Żegota" (Polish pronunciation: [ʐɛˈɡɔta] (
listen)), also known as the "Konrad Żegota Committee",[1][2] was a codename for the Polish Council to Aid Jews (Polish: Rada Pomocy Żydom), an underground organization of Polish resistance in German-occupied Poland active from 1942 to 1945.Contents
[1 Composition
Composition[edit]
The Council to Aid Jews, Żegota, was the continuation of an earlier secret organization set up for the purpose of rescuing Jews in German-occupied Poland, the Provisional Committee to Aid Jews (Tymczasowy Komitet Pomocy Żydom). The Provisional Committee was founded on September 27, 1942 by Zofia Kossak-Szczucka and Wanda Krahelska-Filipowicz ("Alinka"). It was made up of mostly of Polish Catholic activists. Within a short time, the original Committee had 180 persons under its care, but was dissolved for political and financial reasons. Żegota was created to supersede it on December 4, 1942.[2]
"The Mass Extermination of Jews in German Occupied Poland", by the Polish government-in-exile addressed to the wartime allies of the then-United Nations, 1942
It is estimated that about half of the Jews who survived the Holocaust in Poland (thus over 50,000) were aided in some shape or form by Żegota founded in 1942. Żegota had around one hundred (100) cells, operating mostly in Warsaw where it distributed relief funds to about 3,000 Jews. The second-largest branch was in Kraków, and there were smaller branches in Wilno (Vilnius) and Lwów (L'viv). In all, 4,000 Jews received funds from Żegota directly, 5,600 from the Jewish National Committee and 2,000 from the Bund (because of overlaps, the total number of Jews helped by all three organizations in Warsaw was about 8,500). This aid reached about one-third of the Jews in hiding in Warsaw, but mostly not until late 1943 or 1944. The systematic killing of Jews began to take place, so it was hard to save Jews already in the ghetto. That is why they only protected Jews located in hiding in Poland.[3]
Żegota was the brainchild of Henryk Woliński of the Home Army (AK). From its inception, the elected General Secretary of Żegota was Julian Grobelny, an activist in prewar Polish Socialist Party. Its Treasurer, Ferdynand Arczyński, was a member of the Polish Democratic Party. They were also two of its most active workers. Members included Władysław Bartoszewski, later Polish Foreign Minister (1995, 2000). Żegota was the only Polish organization in World War II run jointly by Jews and non-Jews from a wide range of political movements. Structurally, the organization was formed by Polish and Jewish underground political parties.
Jewish organizations were represented on the central committee by Adolf Berman and Leon Feiner. The member organizations were the Jewish National Committee (an umbrella group representing the Zionist parties) and the Marxist General Jewish Labour Bund. Both Jewish parties operated independently also, using money from Jewish organizations abroad channelled to them by the Polish underground. They helped to subsidize the Polish branch of the organization, whose funding from the Polish government in exile (in London) reached significant proportions only in the late Spring of 1944. On the Polish side, political participation included the Polish Socialist Party as well as Democratic Party (Stronnictwo Demokratyczne) and a small rightist Front Odrodzenia Polski. Notably, the main right-wing party, the National Party (Stronnictwo Narodowe) refused to participate.
Kossak-Szczucka withdrew from participation from the onset. She had wanted Żegota to become an example of "pure Christian charity" and argued that the Jews had their own international charity organizations. She went on to act in the Social Self-Help Organization (Społeczna Organizacja Samopomocy - SOS) as a liaison between Żegota and Catholic convents and orphanages as well as other public orphanages, which jointly hid many Jewish children. Żegota's children's section was headed by Irena Sendler, a Polish social worker and activist, who was nominated for a Nobel Prize before her death in 2008.[1]
According to a letter by Adolf Berman, the Jewish Secretary of Żegota and head of the Jewish National Committee, dated February 26, 1977, there were other activists who were especially meritorious. He mentioned theatre artist Prof. Maria Grzegorzewska, psychologist Irena Solska, Janina Buchholtz-Bukolska*, educator Irena Sawicka*, scouting activist Dr. Ewa Rybicka, school principal Irena Kurowska, Prof. Stanisław Ossowski and Prof. Maria Ossowska, zoo director Dr. Jan Żabiński* and his wife Antonina*, a writer Stefania Sempołowska, the unforgettable director of children's theatres Jan Wesołowski*, Sylwia Rzeczycka*, Maria Łaska, Maria Derwisz-Parnowska (later Kwiatowska*). Former Senator Zofia Rodziewicz, Zofia Derwisz-Latalowa, Dr. Regina Fleszar and others had great merits. Beside the university educated people there were members of the working-class like Waleria Malaczewska, Antonina Roguska, Jadwiga Leszczanin, Zofia Dębicka*, tailor Stanisław Michalski, farmers Kajszczak from Łomianki and Paweł Harmuszko, laborer Kazimierz Kuc and many others. Those with an asterisk (*) after their name have been recognized by Yad Vashem as Righteous Among the Nations up to the end of 1999.[4]
The largest cell of Żegota (Felicja) was led by Mieczysław Herling-Grudziński, a wealthy lawyer, who hid 600 Jews (out of the 3,000 helped by Żegota in Warsaw) on his suburban estate in Boernerowo (today Bemowo).[citation needed]
Activities[edit]
Żegota Letter from January 1943 to Polish government-in-exile. Request for funds to aid.
Żegota helped save some 4,000 Polish Jews by providing food, medical care, relief money, and false identity documents for those hiding on the so-called "Aryan side" of German-occupied Poland. Most of its activity took place in Warsaw. The Jewish National Committee had some 5,600 Jews under its care and the Bund, an additional 1,500, but the activities of the three organizations overlapped to a considerable degree. Between them, they were able to reach some 8,500 of the 28,000 Jews hiding in Warsaw, and perhaps another 1,000 Jews hiding elsewhere in Poland.
Help in the forms of money, food, and medicines was organised by Żegota for the Jews in several forced labour camps in Poland as well.[5] Financial aid as well as forged identity documents was procured for those hiding on the "Aryan side". The escape of Jews from ghettos, camps, and deportation trains occurred mostly spontaneously through personal contacts, and most of the help that was extended to Jews in the country was similarly personal in nature. Because Jews in hiding preferred to remain well-concealed, Żegota had trouble finding them. Its activities therefore did not develop on a larger scale until late in 1943.
The German occupying forces made concealing Jews a crime punishable by death for every Pole (the head of the household and his or her entire family) living in a house where Jews were discovered. Over 700 Polish heroes, murdered by Germans as a result of helping and sheltering their Jewish neighbors, were posthumously awarded the title, Righteous Among the Nations, by Yad Vashem,[6] but these seven hundred were only a small percentage of thousands of Poles reportedly executed by the Nazis for aiding Jews:[7] "the number of Poles who perished at the hands of the Germans for aiding Jews" may have been as high as fifty thousand.[8] "Władysław Bartoszewski, who worked for Żegota during the war[,] estimates that [despite these executions] 'at least several hundred thousand Poles... participated in various ways and forms in the rescue action [for Jews].' Recent research suggests that a million Poles were involved" in giving aid,[8] "but some estimates go as high as three million" for those who were passively protective.[8] More specific estimates indicate that some 100,000 to 300,000 Poles met Yad Vashem’s criteria, having been directly engaged in rescuing Jews despite the threat of death, which did deter others.[9]
Żegota played a large part in placing Jewish children with foster families, public orphanages, and church orphanages and convents. Foster families had to be told that the children were Jewish, so that they could take appropriate precautions, especially in the case of boys (Jewish boys, unlike most Poles, were circumcised). Żegota sometimes paid for the children's care. In Warsaw, Żegota's children department, headed by Irena Sendler, cared for 2,500 of the 9,000 Jewish children smuggled out of the Warsaw Ghetto. Sendler attempted to return these children to their parents at the end of World War II, but almost all the parents had died at Treblinka.
Medical attention for the Jews in hiding was also made available through the Committee of Democratic and Socialist Physicians. Żegota had ties with many ghettos and camps. It also made numerous efforts to induce the Polish Government in Exile and the Delegatura to appeal to the Polish population to help the persecuted Jews.[10]
Postwar recognition[edit]
Yad Vashem, Jerusalem, Israel
Żegota was memorialised in Israel in 1963 with a planting of a tree in the Avenue of the Righteous at Yad Vashem. Władysław Bartoszewski was present at the event.
Quotes[edit]
- “Żegota is the story of extraordinary heroism amidst unique depravity – compelling in its human as well as historical dimensions. It is a particularly valuable addition to our understanding of the many facets of the Holocaust because Żegota as an organized effort was tantamount to ‘Schindler’s List’ multiplied a hundredfold.” ― Zbigniew Brzeziński
Żegota - Wikipedia
SobieskiSavedEurope
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Did you hear about the Polish carjacker in Brooklyn?
He held up a garbage truck at gunpoint and said "Take me to Warsaw!"
He held up a garbage truck at gunpoint and said "Take me to Warsaw!"
SobieskiSavedEurope
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