If you want to see "blue" instead of "white" make a peep hole with your hand close one eye and look through the peep hole in your hand at just the center of the dress. Now you'll see that the dress is really light blue and brown.I see white and gold. But the color you think you see is often based on perspective bias. Your brain can convince you of a great many things.
I don't think so because then it would happen all the time. We would all be seeing things in different colors.
What's happening is the intense bright part of the image is convincing your brain that it's white. When you peep only at the middle of the dress you don't see the intense bright white that is causing bias.