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Known Offenders [ONLY HATE CRIMES]
- 53.6% were White
- 24.0% were Black or African American
- 12.9% race unknown
What are the demographics of America again?
UM2
What's the percentage of crime committed by different races in America, IM2?Known Offenders [ONLY HATE CRIMES]
- 53.6% were White
- 24.0% were Black or African American
- 12.9% race unknown
What are the demographics of America again?
UM2
In his rush to make an excuse for white violent behavior, this punk left out one thing.
Of crimes motivated by race, ethnicity or ancestry, 46.9 percent were fueled by bias against African Americans.
What are the demographics of America again?
Shut up, Honky!And what is the percentage of crimes committed by blacks...on blacks?
What's the percentage of crime committed by different races in America, IM2?Known Offenders [ONLY HATE CRIMES]
- 53.6% were White
- 24.0% were Black or African American
- 12.9% race unknown
What are the demographics of America again?
UM2
In his rush to make an excuse for white violent behavior, this punk left out one thing.
Of crimes motivated by race, ethnicity or ancestry, 46.9 percent were fueled by bias against African Americans.
What are the demographics of America again?
And what is the percentage of crimes committed by blacks...on blacks?
When will whites start understanding this is for them to change? Whites have created and maintain the problems. The things I am posting are an effort to show you what damage was created by what whites have done. And you, a white female, need to understand that you face the same things we blacks do. Your vagina does not spare you from sexism.
www.city-journal.org
"Under a true system of justice, if you do the crime, you do the time. Law and order deter bad guys. Period. However, once we start social engineering and going soft on crime in order to avoid rightfully incarcerating individuals of particular races, everyone is harmed, including those the limousine liberals purport to help. The most dangerous example is our current rush to push jailbreak legislation under the false premise that black people are incarcerated unfairly and to ignore the appalling levels of crime committed by young black males. It hurts everyone, including law-abiding African-Americans.
If one were to be dropped here from Mars with no preconceived notions about violence in America, one would come away with the impression that white supremacy is the biggest threat to public safety. DHS Secretary Kevin McAleenan announced last month that the Department of Homeland Security would be using increased resources to confront “racially based violent extremism, particularly white supremacist extremism.” Yet the reality in the everyday stories from New York, where Jews are being attacked by violent black youths every day, or the knockout game continuing in places like Maryland, paints a very different picture. And it’s backed up by the data.
Cory Booker claims that there is “systemic racism” in our criminal justice system leading to unjust mass incarceration of black people. The facts simply say the opposite. According to the new National Crime Victimization Survey published by the Bureau of Justice Statics, out of the 593,598 interracial violent victimization crimes between blacks and whites reported in 2018, 90 percent were black against white, and 9.5 percent were white against black. That is simply astounding given that black people compose just 12 percent of the general population and white people comprise 62 percent. And the trend is getting worse. As Heather Mac Donald of the Manhattan Institute observes, “That ratio is becoming more skewed, despite the Democratic claim of Trump-inspired white violence. In 2012-13, blacks committed 85 percent of all interracial victimizations between blacks and whites; whites committed 15 percent.”
The lopsided share of crime committed by black people is a problem across the board, but particularly for violent crimes. According to the FBI’s 2018 Uniform Crime reporting, of the 11,514 homicide offenders whose race is known, a whopping 55 percent were black, 42 percent white, and three percent other. Though black people make up only 12 percent of the population, they composed 53 percent of all murder victims in cases where the identity of the victim was known and reported. In cases where the race of both the victim and offender was known, a staggering 88.9 percent of black homicide victims were murdered by black offenders.
To drill down even further, in 2017, black males accounted for 45 percent of homicides, even though they make up just seven percent of the population. That means they commit murders at a rate eight times higher than whites.
In 2018, African-Americans accounted for 54 percent of those arrested for robbery, 34 percent of those arrested for aggravated assault, and 43 percent of weapons violations. In total, they composed 37.4 percent of all violent crime arrests. Yet, despite the complaint about black imprisonment, only 33 percent of state and federal inmates in 2017 were black. And their numbers are dropping quicker than any other group."
Of the single-bias hate crime incidents in the 2018 data:
- 57.5% were motivated by a race/ethnicity/ancestry bias
- 20.2% were motivated by religious bias
- 17% were motivated by sexual-orientation bias
- 2.4% were motivated by gender-identity bias
- 2.3% were motivated by disability bias
- 0.7% were motivated by gender bias
"Under a true system of justice, if you do the crime, you do the time. Law and order deter bad guys. Period. However, once we start social engineering and going soft on crime in order to avoid rightfully incarcerating individuals of particular races, everyone is harmed, including those the limousine liberals purport to help. The most dangerous example is our current rush to push jailbreak legislation under the false premise that black people are incarcerated unfairly and to ignore the appalling levels of crime committed by young black males. It hurts everyone, including law-abiding African-Americans.
If one were to be dropped here from Mars with no preconceived notions about violence in America, one would come away with the impression that white supremacy is the biggest threat to public safety. DHS Secretary Kevin McAleenan announced last month that the Department of Homeland Security would be using increased resources to confront “racially based violent extremism, particularly white supremacist extremism.” Yet the reality in the everyday stories from New York, where Jews are being attacked by violent black youths every day, or the knockout game continuing in places like Maryland, paints a very different picture. And it’s backed up by the data.
Cory Booker claims that there is “systemic racism” in our criminal justice system leading to unjust mass incarceration of black people. The facts simply say the opposite. According to the new National Crime Victimization Survey published by the Bureau of Justice Statics, out of the 593,598 interracial violent victimization crimes between blacks and whites reported in 2018, 90 percent were black against white, and 9.5 percent were white against black. That is simply astounding given that black people compose just 12 percent of the general population and white people comprise 62 percent. And the trend is getting worse. As Heather Mac Donald of the Manhattan Institute observes, “That ratio is becoming more skewed, despite the Democratic claim of Trump-inspired white violence. In 2012-13, blacks committed 85 percent of all interracial victimizations between blacks and whites; whites committed 15 percent.”
The lopsided share of crime committed by black people is a problem across the board, but particularly for violent crimes. According to the FBI’s 2018 Uniform Crime reporting, of the 11,514 homicide offenders whose race is known, a whopping 55 percent were black, 42 percent white, and three percent other. Though black people make up only 12 percent of the population, they composed 53 percent of all murder victims in cases where the identity of the victim was known and reported. In cases where the race of both the victim and offender was known, a staggering 88.9 percent of black homicide victims were murdered by black offenders.
To drill down even further, in 2017, black males accounted for 45 percent of homicides, even though they make up just seven percent of the population. That means they commit murders at a rate eight times higher than whites.
In 2018, African-Americans accounted for 54 percent of those arrested for robbery, 34 percent of those arrested for aggravated assault, and 43 percent of weapons violations. In total, they composed 37.4 percent of all violent crime arrests. Yet, despite the complaint about black imprisonment, only 33 percent of state and federal inmates in 2017 were black. And their numbers are dropping quicker than any other group."
As we all know, providing facts to IM2 (our resident white guy whose sock is a black racist)is no different than spitting in the wind.
His goal is to be the most prolific racist poster on US Message Board. As far as I'm concerned, he's won. He's a bored ol' white guy looking for a thrill.
I really could care less what anything calling you a friend has to say.Here we go with the I have a black friend who isn't like you based on an assumption made by a white idiot.
Yes, and that black friend calls you a ni**er.
That should tell you something about how you're presenting yourself here...
First off, I don't support what happened to Denny, but you don't seem able to talk about what caused the riots to begin with. The white cops beating down a black man that was handcuffed on video and the cops not being found guilty of a crime. Now until you can talk about that part, shut the fuck up.
The riots were started because South Central, for the most part, is populated by sub-human bipeds. Nothing justified those riots.
NOTHING.
Trust me when I say I was a shocked as your negro ass was when those cops were found innocent. I believed then, as I do now, that they should've been found guilty.
But the fact that they weren't didn't cause the riots. Negroes caused the riots. Of course, the funniest part about that was that they were so fucking stupid they tore up their own neighborhoods...
So tell your friend Darrel this son, I am a 59 year old black man successfully retired for the last 7 years after building 3 separate NFPS. Then tell him that because I held life. health, annuity, and stockbrokers licenses from 1992 until 2010, I was able to save and invest my money successfully so that now I can live off my earnings and not really have to work for anyone and do personal projects at my leisure for income today. I am not blaming anyone for shit punk, I am stating the mother fucking facts.
You blame whites for everything, and you wouldn't know a fact if it fell on you.
And Daryl couldn't give a flying fuck about what your alleged accomplishments are. He still thinks you're a ni**er because of how you conduct yourself and how you argue your so-called "points". According to Daryl, you're not a fine, upstanding black man because of your alleged accomplishments, you're a ni**er in spite of them...
You have said you don't believe in God, and that's on you, but I do. And because god has blessed me, I am required to fight for those who have less. Punks like you and your black sellout buddy don't seem to understand that spiritual concept. It's not about building great wealth then dying and ending up in hell. It is about building your treasure with the lord whereby you have an eternal income that never ends.
"Black sellout buddy"?
Ah yes, there it is. I knew it would come out. Why not refer to him as an Uncle Tom? You can't stand the fact that a black family is friends with a white guy. You deem them a "sellout". What a profoundly impressive piece of shit you are. How is he a sellout? Is he a sellout because he's successful? Is he a sellout because he's friends with a white guy?
You're just a fuckin' mouth breathing racist that serves no useful purpose...
Let me skip all your ignorance and speak to you about your last paragraph. My wife is white. My son is half white. I think I don't have any problem with blacks being friends with white people. Your friend is not a sellout because he is sucessful. Your friend is a sellout because he has adopted a racist narrative and has chosen to denigrate other blacks who speak to the truth of our experience.
You have come in here and have ignored everything in this thread to argue about something I am not even talking about. You're an idiot. The title of this thread is:
So What Happened To Blacks After Slavery?
I have been posting recent activities and racist policies that have occurred in our lifetimes as well as our parents that have impacted us today. I started in the years directly after slavery because what was done then impacted this country well into the 1980's.
For example, Plessy v Ferguson was decided in 1896. Now a person like you will talk about how long ago that was, but the effects and policies that came from that law resulted in the implementation of the Brown decision in 1954, the voting rights and civil rights act of 1965 to name just a couple of decisions. Now for people like you, these dates mean things just poof and disappeared, yet it was not until the mid to late 1980's that segregation by open practice actually ended. That is not 200 years ago and it is within our lifetimes. Yet still today we see racial discrimination by whites against blacks relative to employment.
Here is one more example of how white racism creates a problem for blacks RIGHT NOW. It is common knowledge in the Black community that having a "Black" name can often lead to, for example, employment applications being discarded, and other similar forms of discrimination. People of all colors with black sounding names get rejected at the interview stage. The next few lines are from a white poster on an internet discussion forum.
“I can say for sure that happens because I did it. Before retirement I was an Engineer. The last 20 years of my career I was a Manager and Director and I hired hundreds of people. I reviewed well over a thousand resumes for all kinds of positions. Everything from Secretaries to Engineering Managers. Both Salary and Hourly. I always culled out the resumes with Black Ethnic names. Never short listed anybody with a Black Ethnic name. Never hired them.”This was posted by a recently retired member of this forum. The things he details are not from 200 years ago done to someone blacks great grandaddy by a white great grandaddy. They are modern occurrences and he is far from the only one who has done this.
“Since the Fortune 50 company I worked for had a stupid "affirmative action" hiring policies I never mentioned it to anybody and I always got away with it. A couple of times I was instructed to improve my departmental "diversity" demographics but I always ignored it and never got into any trouble. My stereotype is that anybody with a stupid ghetto Black ethnic name is probably worthless. I could have been wrong a couple of times but I was also probably right 99% of the time.
Glad I did it. I would do it again.”
View attachment 328921
Study Suggests Bias Against ‘Black’ Names On Resumes
Employers may be selecting or overlooking prospective job candidates for interviews based on their potential race as suggested by names, according to a recent study by two professors from the University of Chicago and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
To test whether employers might discriminate against job applicants with black-sounding names, associate professors of economics Marianne Bertrand with Chicagos Graduate School of Business and Sendhil Mullainathan with MIT conducted an elaborate experiment. They fabricated resumes for multiple phantom job seekers with common black and white names. The professors then sent out nearly 5,000 resumes for 1,300 job openings advertised in newspapers and on online job sites throughout Chicago and Boston.
We searched online and selected resumes of actual job seekers, says Bertrand. We then used those to create models for several different realistic resumes with the appropriate education and experience needed for typical job openings advertised in newspapers.
Most job openings for which the researchers sent resumes were administrative, sales, clerical and managerial positions. Bertrand and Mullainathan randomly assigned the applicants names common to either black men, black women, white men or white women and were careful not to send identical resumes to the same employer.
Bertrand and Mullainathan then tracked which of their applicants were called for job interviews. Bertrand said that more resumes were sent to Chicago area employers simply because it is the larger metropolitan area but added that the rate for interview requests was virtually identical between the two cities.
The results are a bit disturbing, the researchers admit. Applicants with white-sounding names were 50 percent more likely to be contacted for job interviews than those with typical black names.
Study Suggests Bias Against 'Black' Names On Resumes
Employers may be selecting or overlooking prospective job candidates for interviews based on their potential race as suggested by names, according to a recent study by two professors from the...shrm.org
The Job Market Discriminates Against Black College Grads
The Job Market Discriminates Against Black College Gradswww.huffpost.com
View attachment 328928
Are Emily and Greg More Employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination
Founded in 1920, the NBER is a private, non-profit, non-partisan organization dedicated to conducting economic research and to disseminating research findings among academics, public policy makers, and business professionals.www.nber.org
Study: anti-black hiring discrimination is as prevalent today as it was in 1989
Racism is alive and well in America.
By German Lopez@germanrlopez[email protected] Sep 18, 2017,
Americans are as racist as they were back in the late 1980s — at least in one crucial area: jobs.
A new study, by researchers at Northwestern University, Harvard, and the Institute for Social Research in Norway, looked at every available field experiment on hiring discrimination from 1989 through 2015. The researchers found that anti-black racism in hiring is unchanged since at least 1989, while anti-Latino racism may have decreased modestly.
They looked at two kinds of experiments: résumé and in-person audits. In the first, researchers send out résumés with similar levels of education, experience, and so on, but the names differ so some résumés have a stereotypically black or Latino name and the others have a stereotypically white name. In the second, applicants go in-person to apply for a job; they each share similar qualifications, but some are white while others are black or brown.
In total, the researchers produced 24 studies with 30 estimates of discrimination for black and Latino Americans, collectively representing more than 54,000 applications submitted for more than 25,000 positions.
They concluded that, on average, “white applicants receive 36% more callbacks than equally qualified African Americans” while “[w]hite applicants receive on average 24% more callbacks than Latinos.”
Study: anti-black hiring discrimination is as prevalent today as it was in 1989
Racism is alive and well in America.www.vox.com
All of these are studies done THIS CENTURY.
The supreme court ruled issued this ruling in 2017, not 1817.
Supreme Court: Institutional Racism Is Real
DISPARATE IMPACT
In extending ‘disparate impact’ reasoning to housing cases, the court acknowledges that discrimination comes from more than just individual bad actors.
Jay Michaelson
Updated Apr. 14, 2017
June 25 will be remembered as a crucial day for civil rights—not because of the Obamacare decision, and not because of the not-yet-announced marriage decision. It’s because on Thursday the Supreme Court saved a crucial part of civil rights law.
You’d be forgiven for not knowing much about it. The principle, after all, is an obscure-sounding bit of legalese: “disparate impact.” But those words divided the court 5-4 on ideological lines, with Justice Kennedy writing to preserve, but restrict, the doctrine.
Here’s why it matters.
Most cases of discrimination—whether against women, African Americans, LGBT people, or other protected groups—are rarely as clear as they are in the movies. In media portrayals, discrimination is about evil individuals who fire someone because of who they are. But in real life, there’s rarely a smoking gun.
First, racists are usually not dumb enough to leave records of their prejudice. They find some other reason to fire the employee, or keep the family out of the neighborhood.
Second, and more importantly, discrimination is often systemic and structural, not individual. Often, not only is there no smoking gun, but there’s often no individual “bad actor.” Even neutral requirements—a high-school diploma for employment, a family-size limit for housing—can have huge de facto discriminatory effects, which may or may not be intentional.
That’s where “disparate impact” comes in. Under some civil rights laws, plaintiffs can prevail even without evidence of a specific discriminatory intention if they can show a disparate impact on the affected group.
That’s what happened in this case, Texas v. Inclusive Communities Project. A Texas state agency distributes tax credits given to developers to build low-income housing. The Inclusive Communities Project, a nonprofit, noticed that 92 percent of the credits ended up going to mostly non-white neighborhoods. And while about half of the applications in those neighborhoods were approved, the approval rate for mostly white neighborhoods was only 37 percent.
The end result? Public housing got built in black neighborhoods, and not in white ones.
That’s a classic case of disparate impact. The ICP didn’t have to go hunting for overt racism, which would be extremely hard to prove. Now, under disparate impact reasoning, the Texas agency had to prove that there were no better (i.e. non-discriminatory) alternatives—which it could not do. So, even without a specific smoking gun, the statistical data itself was enough for the policy to violate the Fair Housing Act—if disparate impact reasoning is allowed.
Supreme Court: Institutional Racism Is Real
In extending ‘disparate impact’ reasoning to housing cases, the court acknowledges that discrimination comes from more than just individual bad actors.www.thedailybeast.com
So you and your black friend who called me the N word can suck each others dicks all you want but what I am showing you is the present. So it's best you stop lying to yourself and its damn sure best your 'black friend' do the same.
"Under a true system of justice, if you do the crime, you do the time. Law and order deter bad guys. Period. However, once we start social engineering and going soft on crime in order to avoid rightfully incarcerating individuals of particular races, everyone is harmed, including those the limousine liberals purport to help. The most dangerous example is our current rush to push jailbreak legislation under the false premise that black people are incarcerated unfairly and to ignore the appalling levels of crime committed by young black males. It hurts everyone, including law-abiding African-Americans.
If one were to be dropped here from Mars with no preconceived notions about violence in America, one would come away with the impression that white supremacy is the biggest threat to public safety. DHS Secretary Kevin McAleenan announced last month that the Department of Homeland Security would be using increased resources to confront “racially based violent extremism, particularly white supremacist extremism.” Yet the reality in the everyday stories from New York, where Jews are being attacked by violent black youths every day, or the knockout game continuing in places like Maryland, paints a very different picture. And it’s backed up by the data.
Cory Booker claims that there is “systemic racism” in our criminal justice system leading to unjust mass incarceration of black people. The facts simply say the opposite. According to the new National Crime Victimization Survey published by the Bureau of Justice Statics, out of the 593,598 interracial violent victimization crimes between blacks and whites reported in 2018, 90 percent were black against white, and 9.5 percent were white against black. That is simply astounding given that black people compose just 12 percent of the general population and white people comprise 62 percent. And the trend is getting worse. As Heather Mac Donald of the Manhattan Institute observes, “That ratio is becoming more skewed, despite the Democratic claim of Trump-inspired white violence. In 2012-13, blacks committed 85 percent of all interracial victimizations between blacks and whites; whites committed 15 percent.”
The lopsided share of crime committed by black people is a problem across the board, but particularly for violent crimes. According to the FBI’s 2018 Uniform Crime reporting, of the 11,514 homicide offenders whose race is known, a whopping 55 percent were black, 42 percent white, and three percent other. Though black people make up only 12 percent of the population, they composed 53 percent of all murder victims in cases where the identity of the victim was known and reported. In cases where the race of both the victim and offender was known, a staggering 88.9 percent of black homicide victims were murdered by black offenders.
To drill down even further, in 2017, black males accounted for 45 percent of homicides, even though they make up just seven percent of the population. That means they commit murders at a rate eight times higher than whites.
In 2018, African-Americans accounted for 54 percent of those arrested for robbery, 34 percent of those arrested for aggravated assault, and 43 percent of weapons violations. In total, they composed 37.4 percent of all violent crime arrests. Yet, despite the complaint about black imprisonment, only 33 percent of state and federal inmates in 2017 were black. And their numbers are dropping quicker than any other group."
As we all know, providing facts to IM2 (our resident white guy whose sock is a black racist)is no different than spitting in the wind.
His goal is to be the most prolific racist poster on US Message Board. As far as I'm concerned, he's won. He's a bored ol' white guy looking for a thrill.
Naww Markle, no white bored guy would put THAT MUCH effort into becoming a "Grievance Scholar" just to sit here and troll USMB.. This is YEARS and YEARS of studying stuff that makes ya crotchedly angry and resentful... It's the real deal.. Might even have a degree in it for all I know..
People who don't experience this always have a lot to say. And it gets old. Because whites have problems that are self inflicted they think that everybody has them. White problems do not happen as the result of having to cope within a system that wants to deny your existence. But whites want to judge us as if we have the exact same experience and our actions are caused by the same exact things. We are called racists by whites for pointing out a proven behavior pattern, while whites see us talking about them based on color because that's how we have been judged by whites.
View attachment 329022
Although the chronic condition of stress can have negative side effects on all persons, the unique psycho-social and contextual factors, specifically the common and pervasive exposure to racism and discrimination, creates an additional daily stressor for African-Americans. Often, African-Americans do not realize daily stressors that may affect their psychological or physiological health and so we have compiled a collection of articles and additional resources to understand the health effects that result from exposure and perception of racism and discrimination.
Physiological and Psychological Impact of Racism and Discrimination for African-Americans
The Ethnicity and Health in America Series is raising awareness about the physiological and psychological impact of racism and discrimination as it relates to stress during Black History Month.www.apa.org
View attachment 329023
November 16, 2011
For black American adults, perceived racism may cause mental health symptoms similar to trauma and could lead to some physical health disparities between blacks and other populations in the United States, according to a new study published by the American Psychological Association.
While previous studies have found links between racism and mental health, this is the first meta-analysis on the subject focusing exclusively on black American adults, according to the study published online in APA’s Journal of Counseling Psychology®.
“We focused on black American adults because this is a population that has reported, on average, more incidents of racism than other racial minority groups and because of the potential links between racism and not only mental health, but physical health as well,” said lead author Alex Pieterse, PhD, of the University at Albany, State University of New York.
Researchers examined 66 studies comprising 18,140 black adults in the United States. To be included in the analysis, a study must have been published in a peer-reviewed journal or dissertation between 1996 and 2011; include a specific analysis of mental health indicators associated with racism; and focus specifically on black American adults in the United States.
Black Americans’ psychological responses to racism are very similar to common responses to trauma, such as somatization, which is psychological distress expressed as physical pain; interpersonal sensitivity; and anxiety, according to the study. Individuals who said they experienced more and very stressful racism were more likely to report mental distress, the authors said.
While the researchers did not collect data on the impacts on physical health, they cite other studies to point out that perceived racism may also affect black Americans’ physical health.
“The relationship between perceived racism and self-reported depression and anxiety is quite robust, providing a reminder that experiences of racism may play an important role in the health disparities phenomenon,” Pieterse said. “For example, African-Americans have higher rates of hypertension, a serious condition that has been associated with stress and depression.”
The authors recommended that therapists assess racism experiences as part of standard procedure when treating black Americans, and that future studies focus on how discrimination is perceived in specific settings, such as work, online or in school.
Article: “Perceived Racism and Mental Health Among Black American Adults: A Meta-Analytic Review,” Alex L. Pieterse, PhD, University at Albany, State University of New York; Nathan R. Todd, PhD, DePaul University; Helen A. Neville, PhD, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; and Robert T. Carter, PhD, Teachers College, Columbia University; Journal of Counseling Psychology, Vol. 59, No. 1.
Perceived racism may impact Black Americans' mental health
For black American adults, perceived racism may cause mental health symptoms similar to trauma and could lead to some physical health disparities between blacks and other populations in the United States, according to a new study published by the American Psychological Association.
The Link Between Racism and PTSD
Posted Sep 06, 2015
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) – the diagnosis conjures up images of hollow-eyed combat veterans or terrified rape victims, but new research indicates that racism can be just as devastating as gunfire or sexual assault. In a previous article I posed the question, Can Racism Cause PTSD? The answer is yes, and changes in the DSM-5 open the door for a better understanding of this phenomenon. Here I discuss the psychological research in this area, as well as clinical observations and how these relate to my own experiences as a person of color. Several people have asked me why I focus on African Americans, given the many similar experiences faced by other ethnic/racial groups, immigrants, sexual minorities, disabled people, and other stigmatized individuals. I want to state up front that the problems faced by those groups are real and deserve attention too, however in this article I am going to stick to what I know, the Black experience in America.
Racism-related experiences can range from frequent ambiguous “microaggressions” to blatant hate crimes and physical assault. Racial microaggressions are subtle, yet pervasive acts of racism; these can be brief remarks, vague insults, or even non-verbal exchanges, such as a scowl or refusal to sit next to a Black person on the subway. When experiencing microaggressions, the target loses vital mental resources trying figure out the intention of one committing the act. These events may happen frequently, making it difficult to mentally manage the sheer volume of racial stressors. The unpredictable and anxiety-provoking nature of the events, which may be dismissed by others, can lead to victims feeling as if they are “going crazy.” Chronic fear of these experiences may lead to constant vigilance or even paranoia, which over time may result in traumatization or contribute to PTSD when a more stressful event occurs later (Carter, 2007). In fact, one study of female veterans found that African Americans scored higher on measures of ideas of persecution and paranoia, which the authors attributed to an adaptive response to racism (C’de Baca, Castillo, & Qualls, 2012).
While most of us can understand why a violent hate crime could be traumatizing, the traumatizing role of microaggressions can be difficult to comprehend, especially among those who do not experience them. One study of racial discrimination and psychopathology across three U.S. ethnic minority groups found that African Americans experienced significantly more instances of discrimination than either Asian or Hispanic Americans (Chao, Asnaani, Hofmann, 2012). Non-Hispanic Whites experience the least discrimination (11% for Whites versus 81% for Blacks; Cokley, Hall-Clark, & Hicks, 2011). Furthermore, those African Americans who experienced the most racism were significantly more likely to experience symptoms of PTSD as well.
Make no mistake, Asian and Hispanic Americans receive their unfair share of racism too, and research shows that it may even be harder to manage for individuals in these groups. But each ethnic/racial group has its own package of negative stereotypes that impact the form of racism experienced, so it’s not surprising that PTSD prevalence differs by race and ethnicity. Findings from large-scale national studies indicate that, while African Americans have a lower risk for many anxiety disorders, they have a 9.1% prevalence rate for PTSD, compared to 6.8% in Whites (Himle et al, 2009). That means that almost one in ten Black people becomes traumatized, and I think these rates may actually be higher since diagnosticians are usually not considering the role of racism in causing trauma (Malcoun, Williams, & Bahojb-Nouri, 2015).
The Link Between Racism and PTSD
A psychologist explains race-based stress and trauma in Black Americans.www.psychologytoday.com
Examining the Link Between Racism and Health
New research suggests that discrimination takes a physical toll.
Posted Oct 19, 2017
A lead researcher in the field is Anthony Ong, a professor of human development in Cornell University’s College of Human Ecology. Ong explains that experiencing discrimination or mistreatment regularly can affect health through eroding a person’s self-esteem and by robbing marginalized individuals of opportunities.
“Although increasing evidence suggests that chronic exposure to unfair treatment or day-to-day discrimination increases the risk for poor health, the overall dearth of data on biological mechanisms indicate it’s important to continue studying this topic,” Ong said.
He published a study last year of more than 200 African-American adults followed over the period of a decade. Participants filled out questionnaires about everyday mistreatment such as being called names, insulted, threatened, or harassed. They also answered questions about larger occurrences of unfair treatment, such as being discouraged from continuing their education, not receiving a loan or being hassled by the police.
Participants also underwent blood tests to identify 22 biomarkers of diseases including heart disease, diabetes, nerve problems and inflammation.
Ultimately, participants who reported experiencing more discrimination were in poorer health. Ong said that’s because experiencing discrimination on a regular basis, even small instances of daily mistreatment, lead to “wear-and-tear” on the body over time.
“Our findings suggest that coping with chronic experiences of day-to-day mistreatment and discrimination can elicit a cascade of response that over time ‘weather’ or damage the physiological systems that regulate the body’s stress response,” he said.
Examining the Link Between Racism and Health
New research suggests that discrimination takes a physical toll.
JUNE 23, 2017
The Little Understood Mental-Health Effects of Racial Trauma
On Sunday, police officers in Seattle shot and killed Charleena Lyles in her home. She died in front of “several children,” according to reports, and her family members say she was pregnant. Just days before, Jeronimo Yanez, the Minnesota police officer who shot and killed Philando Castile during a traffic stop, was acquitted of all charges. Earlier this spring, an unarmed teenager named Jordan Edwards was shot and killed by police as he was driving away from a party. By now, it’s become a sickeningly familiar sequence of events.
While the trigger (both literally and metaphorically) is the same, there is an aspect of these events that is frequently overlooked: the effects of the frequent police killings on black Americans’ mental health in the form of racial trauma, a psychological phenomenon that some experts say is similar to post-traumatic stress disorder. “Racial trauma is experiencing psychological symptoms such as anxiety, hypervigilance to threat, or lack of hopefulness for your future as a result of repeated exposure to racism or discrimination,” said Erlanger Turner, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Houston-Downtown, who is one of only a handful of researchers studying racial trauma.
Symptoms can include depression and angry outbursts, much like what is typically seen in those suffering from PTSD. But Turner has observed additional behaviors that are specific to racial trauma, including a reluctance to interact with or general mistrust of white people. Racial trauma can be triggered by many events, but among the most common triggers are continued racial harassment, being a victim of police violence, or witnessing said violence. Even witnessing violence on the news can be damaging. “Research has consistently shown that visual exposure to events can be traumatic,” Turner said. “I particularly believe that the recent news coverage of police shootings of black and brown men will cause some short-time trauma for individuals, especially children. I strongly encourage parents to limit exposure to this type of news coverage.” And yet few researchers are studying the lasting impact of racial trauma.
The Little Understood Mental-Health Effects of Racial Trauma
Some researchers are comparing the symptoms to PTSD.www.thecut.com
Everybody has an opinion on race and racism, but not everybody has a studied or learned opinion. And that is the problem here in these discussions. When looked upon critically, racism is a form of abusive behavior based upon a belief in racial superiority.
Racism includes and has included these things:
Tremendous psychological damage has been inflicted on nonwhites because of the racist policies and individual actions by whites in America and worldwide. But some whites seem to think that racism is simple and that it carries no psychological consequences to those who are the victims of it. They do so because they see nonwhites coping the best way they can with it. Secondly, they tend to look at things based on their perspective, meaning that when they see blacks acting violent they look at it from their experience as whites, never factoring in the damage at every level caused by past and continuing white racism.
- Emotional/Psychological abuse
- Financial abuse
- Physical abuse
- Sexual abuse
- Verbal abuse
- Spiritual abuse
“On occasion, the emotional weight of racism can lead African Americans to engage in maladaptive coping, such as remaining in denial, engaging in substance use, aggression, self-blame – even in extreme cases suicide (i.e., Black Lives Matter activist Marshawn McCarrel) and terrorism (i.e., Dallas shooter Micah Xavier Johnson). These responses are harmful and lead to negative, long-term consequences.”
Monnica T. Williams Ph.D.
It is important to understand these realities. If not, then eventually you are going to end up with a chain of black and other nonwhite mass killers because people ignore the psychological damage created by racism. I remember being asked to speak to a class of students in the university located in my hometown on racial stereotypes in the media. It was shortly after the mass shooting at Virginia Tech. I began my talk with trying to provide an example of how white racism could have been a factor in the shooting. After all, the shooter was an Asian student that lived as the only Asian student in his dorm. There is no telling how many times he was taunted by white Virginia children of confederacy supporters. Cho Seung-Hui was deemed mentally ill, and I was almost fired from my job because the comment I made offended the president of the board of directors of the organization I was working for at the time who was also speaking to the same class. She was a white liberal and of course racism could not have anything to do with that killing in her mind. Mind you, this person was in no manner a racist, in fact she was most certainly a warrior for human equality. The reality of this example is that no matter how much a white person is nonracist, they do not personally experience racism and therefore should probably listen to those of us who do. There is no telling how much racism Cho endured during his life and eventually that racism contributed to the mental decline and rage that led to those killings.
I post this because I get the silly argument about black self inflicted problems. Our problems begin with white racism. Whites want to ignore that such a problem exists or if it does, it is just something you can ignore and move beyond just by not talking about it. No abusive behavior is EVER solved in that manner.
What if there are people or groups of people who have an answer for anything. Perhaps an office or something similar. The money for this is endless from elitists. They use ours in fact. Look at how we just print it up. This practice may be used in many ways of social media. If individuals from "underprivileged areas" can do this, then they can invent, create, run businesses and other ways of advancement for much better results. If the only answer is raising taxes and pure socialism, then we are finished."Under a true system of justice, if you do the crime, you do the time. Law and order deter bad guys. Period. However, once we start social engineering and going soft on crime in order to avoid rightfully incarcerating individuals of particular races, everyone is harmed, including those the limousine liberals purport to help. The most dangerous example is our current rush to push jailbreak legislation under the false premise that black people are incarcerated unfairly and to ignore the appalling levels of crime committed by young black males. It hurts everyone, including law-abiding African-Americans.
If one were to be dropped here from Mars with no preconceived notions about violence in America, one would come away with the impression that white supremacy is the biggest threat to public safety. DHS Secretary Kevin McAleenan announced last month that the Department of Homeland Security would be using increased resources to confront “racially based violent extremism, particularly white supremacist extremism.” Yet the reality in the everyday stories from New York, where Jews are being attacked by violent black youths every day, or the knockout game continuing in places like Maryland, paints a very different picture. And it’s backed up by the data.
Cory Booker claims that there is “systemic racism” in our criminal justice system leading to unjust mass incarceration of black people. The facts simply say the opposite. According to the new National Crime Victimization Survey published by the Bureau of Justice Statics, out of the 593,598 interracial violent victimization crimes between blacks and whites reported in 2018, 90 percent were black against white, and 9.5 percent were white against black. That is simply astounding given that black people compose just 12 percent of the general population and white people comprise 62 percent. And the trend is getting worse. As Heather Mac Donald of the Manhattan Institute observes, “That ratio is becoming more skewed, despite the Democratic claim of Trump-inspired white violence. In 2012-13, blacks committed 85 percent of all interracial victimizations between blacks and whites; whites committed 15 percent.”
The lopsided share of crime committed by black people is a problem across the board, but particularly for violent crimes. According to the FBI’s 2018 Uniform Crime reporting, of the 11,514 homicide offenders whose race is known, a whopping 55 percent were black, 42 percent white, and three percent other. Though black people make up only 12 percent of the population, they composed 53 percent of all murder victims in cases where the identity of the victim was known and reported. In cases where the race of both the victim and offender was known, a staggering 88.9 percent of black homicide victims were murdered by black offenders.
To drill down even further, in 2017, black males accounted for 45 percent of homicides, even though they make up just seven percent of the population. That means they commit murders at a rate eight times higher than whites.
In 2018, African-Americans accounted for 54 percent of those arrested for robbery, 34 percent of those arrested for aggravated assault, and 43 percent of weapons violations. In total, they composed 37.4 percent of all violent crime arrests. Yet, despite the complaint about black imprisonment, only 33 percent of state and federal inmates in 2017 were black. And their numbers are dropping quicker than any other group."
As we all know, providing facts to IM2 (our resident white guy whose sock is a black racist)is no different than spitting in the wind.
His goal is to be the most prolific racist poster on US Message Board. As far as I'm concerned, he's won. He's a bored ol' white guy looking for a thrill.
Naww Markle, no white bored guy would put THAT MUCH effort into becoming a "Grievance Scholar" just to sit here and troll USMB.. This is YEARS and YEARS of studying stuff that makes ya crotchedly angry and resentful... It's the real deal.. Might even have a degree in it for all I know..
WEB Dubois was right. Of course whites disagree with him and would rather us have followed the Booker T. Washington plan.anyone who has not read WEB Du Bois-----should do so. His books are sorta ok-----a bit on the side of
sophistry for which he cannot be blamed. BUT it his
sophistry that have inspired so many VERY IMPRESSIONABLE people-----like our beloved IM2 and
a whole host of real jerks-----like Elijah Muhummad and
his frenzied fellows
Past injustice my black ass. I am talking about right now and have shown it."Under a true system of justice, if you do the crime, you do the time. Law and order deter bad guys. Period. However, once we start social engineering and going soft on crime in order to avoid rightfully incarcerating individuals of particular races, everyone is harmed, including those the limousine liberals purport to help. The most dangerous example is our current rush to push jailbreak legislation under the false premise that black people are incarcerated unfairly and to ignore the appalling levels of crime committed by young black males. It hurts everyone, including law-abiding African-Americans.
If one were to be dropped here from Mars with no preconceived notions about violence in America, one would come away with the impression that white supremacy is the biggest threat to public safety. DHS Secretary Kevin McAleenan announced last month that the Department of Homeland Security would be using increased resources to confront “racially based violent extremism, particularly white supremacist extremism.” Yet the reality in the everyday stories from New York, where Jews are being attacked by violent black youths every day, or the knockout game continuing in places like Maryland, paints a very different picture. And it’s backed up by the data.
Cory Booker claims that there is “systemic racism” in our criminal justice system leading to unjust mass incarceration of black people. The facts simply say the opposite. According to the new National Crime Victimization Survey published by the Bureau of Justice Statics, out of the 593,598 interracial violent victimization crimes between blacks and whites reported in 2018, 90 percent were black against white, and 9.5 percent were white against black. That is simply astounding given that black people compose just 12 percent of the general population and white people comprise 62 percent. And the trend is getting worse. As Heather Mac Donald of the Manhattan Institute observes, “That ratio is becoming more skewed, despite the Democratic claim of Trump-inspired white violence. In 2012-13, blacks committed 85 percent of all interracial victimizations between blacks and whites; whites committed 15 percent.”
The lopsided share of crime committed by black people is a problem across the board, but particularly for violent crimes. According to the FBI’s 2018 Uniform Crime reporting, of the 11,514 homicide offenders whose race is known, a whopping 55 percent were black, 42 percent white, and three percent other. Though black people make up only 12 percent of the population, they composed 53 percent of all murder victims in cases where the identity of the victim was known and reported. In cases where the race of both the victim and offender was known, a staggering 88.9 percent of black homicide victims were murdered by black offenders.
To drill down even further, in 2017, black males accounted for 45 percent of homicides, even though they make up just seven percent of the population. That means they commit murders at a rate eight times higher than whites.
In 2018, African-Americans accounted for 54 percent of those arrested for robbery, 34 percent of those arrested for aggravated assault, and 43 percent of weapons violations. In total, they composed 37.4 percent of all violent crime arrests. Yet, despite the complaint about black imprisonment, only 33 percent of state and federal inmates in 2017 were black. And their numbers are dropping quicker than any other group."
As we all know, providing facts to IM2 (our resident white guy whose sock is a black racist)is no different than spitting in the wind.
His goal is to be the most prolific racist poster on US Message Board. As far as I'm concerned, he's won. He's a bored ol' white guy looking for a thrill.
Naww Markle, no white bored guy would put THAT MUCH effort into becoming a "Grievance Scholar" just to sit here and troll USMB.. This is YEARS and YEARS of studying stuff that makes ya crotchedly angry and resentful... It's the real deal.. Might even have a degree in it for all I know..
That has been my very impression of IM2, he spends so much time crying about the past systemic injustice perpetrated against blacks, which have mostly vanished since the 1960's, allowing a lot of blacks to be very wealthy and famous, but he doesn't want to talk about black success, he wants to feel bad about injustice that he HIMSELF never suffered, after all he was never a slave, 3/5 of a person, is a citizen, a legal voter, and more.
If White America is so bad how did Winfrey Ophrah be a BILLIONAIRE? Have many Blacks who have over $500 MILLION, all in White America, There are a few former black basket ball players who can afford to BUY pro basketball teams, all happening in White America.
How did The 99% black Cosby Show be NUMBER ONE on TV for 5 straight years?
How did a black man be voted into the White House?
All done in a Country with over 60% Whites to only 14% blacks.....
There are many successful blacks in White America, but he is too busy crying about the past injustice (which can't be taken back) to notice them. He is trying to get others to feel bad about the past (which has already happened) so he can continue to cry and cry and cry, it is boring and a waste of time, NOBODY is getting any younger, why waste so much time to crying about a past you can not alter?
I say go into the future, press for freedom, truth and long life!
