Think Carbon Dioxide is not a pollutant?

[orogenicman]

Carbon dioxide like Oxygen is good in sort percentages.

In the entire history of this planet there has never been a time when CO2 was at a level that was too much.

So the Permian-Triassic extinction event doesn't ring a bell?

The O2 levels are still rising and remember mr. flat earther, there was no free O2 in our atmosphere until around 1.8 to 1.7 billion years ago. Since then the O2 concentrations have been rising ever higher. None of the flat earhters ever deal with that fact either.

They are simpletons playing with simple computer models that give simple responses. All for a climactic system that is so complex that none of them can even get past the 1+1 stage.

So we are to believe, based on your complete lack of understanding of conditions that existed during the pre-Cambrian, that mankind's future rests on our ability to survive in a such a world? Really?

 

[Kosh]

Carbon dioxide like Oxygen is good in sort percentages.

In the entire history of this planet there has never been a time when CO2 was at a level that was too much.

So the Permian-Triassic extinction event doesn't ring a bell?

The O2 levels are still rising and remember mr. flat earther, there was no free O2 in our atmosphere until around 1.8 to 1.7 billion years ago. Since then the O2 concentrations have been rising ever higher. None of the flat earhters ever deal with that fact either.

They are simpletons playing with simple computer models that give simple responses. All for a climactic system that is so complex that none of them can even get past the 1+1 stage.

So we are to believe, based on your complete lack of understanding of conditions that existed during the pre-Cambrian, that mankind's future rests on our ability to survive in a such a world? Really?

Pin-pointing the exact cause (or causes) of the Permian–Triassic extinction event is a difficult undertaking, mostly because the catastrophe occurred over 250 million years ago, and much of the evidence that would have pointed to the cause has either been destroyed by now or is concealed deep within the Earth under many layers of rock.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permian–Triassic_extinction_event

So saying that is based on too much CO2 is very misleading.

 

[orogenicman]

In the entire history of this planet there has never been a time when CO2 was at a level that was too much.

So the Permian-Triassic extinction event doesn't ring a bell?

The O2 levels are still rising and remember mr. flat earther, there was no free O2 in our atmosphere until around 1.8 to 1.7 billion years ago. Since then the O2 concentrations have been rising ever higher. None of the flat earhters ever deal with that fact either.

They are simpletons playing with simple computer models that give simple responses. All for a climactic system that is so complex that none of them can even get past the 1+1 stage.

So we are to believe, based on your complete lack of understanding of conditions that existed during the pre-Cambrian, that mankind's future rests on our ability to survive in a such a world? Really?

Pin-pointing the exact cause (or causes) of the Permian–Triassic extinction event is a difficult undertaking, mostly because the catastrophe occurred over 250 million years ago, and much of the evidence that would have pointed to the cause has either been destroyed by now or is concealed deep within the Earth under many layers of rock.

Permian?Triassic extinction event - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

So saying that is based on too much CO2 is very misleading.

Except that there is plenty of evidence that volcanically derived CO2 was largely responsible for the event.

The Siberian Traps

 

[Kosh]

Well all you AGW church members if you believe that CO2 drives climate you might want to show belief by not breathing anymore.

 

[Kosh]

So the Permian-Triassic extinction event doesn't ring a bell?



So we are to believe, based on your complete lack of understanding of conditions that existed during the pre-Cambrian, that mankind's future rests on our ability to survive in a such a world? Really?

Pin-pointing the exact cause (or causes) of the Permian–Triassic extinction event is a difficult undertaking, mostly because the catastrophe occurred over 250 million years ago, and much of the evidence that would have pointed to the cause has either been destroyed by now or is concealed deep within the Earth under many layers of rock.

Permian?Triassic extinction event - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

So saying that is based on too much CO2 is very misleading.

Except that there is plenty of evidence that volcanically derived CO2 was largely responsible for the event.

The Siberian Traps

Incorrect! Your link is to a Conspiracy web site and not based on any science, just like AGW. Goes to show that the AGW church member will believe anything.

 

[orogenicman]

Pin-pointing the exact cause (or causes) of the Permian–Triassic extinction event is a difficult undertaking, mostly because the catastrophe occurred over 250 million years ago, and much of the evidence that would have pointed to the cause has either been destroyed by now or is concealed deep within the Earth under many layers of rock.

Permian?Triassic extinction event - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

So saying that is based on too much CO2 is very misleading.

Except that there is plenty of evidence that volcanically derived CO2 was largely responsible for the event.

The Siberian Traps

Incorrect! Your link is to a Conspiracy web site and not based on any science, just like AGW. Goes to show that the AGW church member will believe anything.

Erm, the paleobiology and biodiversity research group page of the University of Bristol web site is a "conspiracy web site"? Some might think you've lost your mind. It is clear to me that you never had one to begin with.

 

[Kosh]

Except that there is plenty of evidence that volcanically derived CO2 was largely responsible for the event.

The Siberian Traps

Incorrect! Your link is to a Conspiracy web site and not based on any science, just like AGW. Goes to show that the AGW church member will believe anything.

Erm, the paleobiology and biodiversity research group page of the University of Bristol web site is a "conspiracy web site"? Some might think you've lost your mind. It is clear to me that you never had one to begin with.

YEs the site you linked to is a Conspiracy.

The Siberian Traps were the largest volcanic eruption in Earth history and they occurred right at the same time as the largest extinction event in Earth history.

Co-incidence?

That is how your link starts out. This has NEVER been proven. It is even rife with spelling errors, not sure how you can call it creditable to your cause. Although I do know that the church members will believe anything.

Seems to me that this was just an idea for a class to get a grade, most likely on-line and the coding and page design shows it very dated.

 

[RollingThunder]

In the entire history of this planet there has never been a time when CO2 was at a level that was too much.

So the Permian-Triassic extinction event doesn't ring a bell?

Pin-pointing the exact cause (or causes) of the Permian–Triassic extinction event is a difficult undertaking, mostly because the catastrophe occurred over 250 million years ago, and much of the evidence that would have pointed to the cause has either been destroyed by now or is concealed deep within the Earth under many layers of rock.

Permian?Triassic extinction event - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

So saying that is based on too much CO2 is very misleading.

It's hard to gauge just how retarded you have to be, Klod, to cite sources that you've obviously barely started to read, but I'm guessing that it is 'pretty damn retarded'. I'm going to quote some more of that Wikipedia article that you cited and quoted.

There were very probably a number of complimentary causes that combined to produce such a mammoth worldwide extinction event but, from the evidence that has been studied, the huge carbon dioxide and methane releases that raised planetary temperatures by over ten degrees Fahrenheit (and much more than that in the polar regions) played a huge role.

Permian–Triassic extinction event
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(excerpts - the material quoted here is not under copyright but is instead published under a Creative Commons license that allows free reproduction for educational purposes)

The final stages of the Permian had two flood basalt events. A small one, Emeishan Traps in China, occurred at the same time as the end-Guadalupian extinction pulse, in an area close to the equator at the time.[97][98] The flood basalt eruptions that produced the Siberian Traps constituted one of the largest known volcanic events on Earth and covered over 2,000,000 square kilometres (770,000 sq mi) with lava.[99][100][101] The Siberian Traps eruptions were formerly thought to have lasted for millions of years, but recent research dates them to 251.2 ± 0.3 Ma — immediately before the end of the Permian.[9][102]

The Emeishan and Siberian Traps eruptions may have caused dust clouds and acid aerosols—which would have blocked out sunlight and thus disrupted photosynthesis both on land and in the photic zone of the ocean, causing food chains to collapse. These eruptions may also have caused acid rain when the aerosols washed out of the atmosphere. This may have killed land plants and molluscs and planktonic organisms which had calcium carbonate shells. The eruptions would also have emitted carbon dioxide, causing global warming. When all of the dust clouds and aerosols washed out of the atmosphere, the excess carbon dioxide would have remained and the warming would have proceeded without any mitigating effects.[90]

The Siberian Traps had unusual features that made them even more dangerous. Pure flood basalts produce a lot of runny lava and do not hurl debris into the atmosphere. It appears, however, that 20% of the output of the Siberian Traps eruptions was pyroclastic, i.e. consisted of ash and other debris thrown high into the atmosphere, increasing the short-term cooling effect.[103] The basalt lava erupted or intruded into carbonate rocks and into sediments that were in the process of forming large coal beds, both of which would have emitted large amounts of carbon dioxide, leading to stronger global warming after the dust and aerosols settled.[90]

In January 2011, a team led by Stephen Grasby of the Geological Survey of Canada—Calgary, reported evidence that volcanism caused massive coal beds to ignite, possibly releasing more than 3 trillion tons of carbon. The team found ash deposits in deep rock layers near what is now Buchanan Lake. According to their article, "... coal ash dispersed by the explosive Siberian Trap eruption would be expected to have an associated release of toxic elements in impacted water bodies where fly ash slurries developed ...", and "Mafic megascale eruptions are long-lived events that would allow significant build-up of global ash clouds".[104][105] In a statement, Grasby said, "In addition to these volcanoes causing fires through coal, the ash it spewed was highly toxic and was released in the land and water, potentially contributing to the worst extinction event in earth history."[106]

Methane hydrate gasification

Scientists have found worldwide evidence of a swift decrease of about 1% in the 13C/12C isotope ratio in carbonate rocks from the end-Permian.[48][107] This is the first, largest, and most rapid of a series of negative and positive excursions (decreases and increases in 13C/12C ratio) that continues until the isotope ratio abruptly stabilised in the middle Triassic, followed soon afterwards by the recovery of calcifying life forms (organisms that use calcium carbonate to build hard parts such as shells).[13]

Other hypotheses include mass oceanic poisoning releasing vast amounts of CO2[111] and a long-term reorganisation of the global carbon cycle.[108]
However, only one sufficiently powerful cause has been proposed for the global 1.0% reduction in the 13C/12C ratio: the release of methane from methane clathrates,[46] and carbon-cycle models confirm it would have been sufficient to produce the observed reduction.[108][111] Methane clathrates, also known as methane hydrates, consist of methane molecules trapped in cages of water molecules. The methane, produced by methanogens (microscopic single-celled organisms), has a 13C/12C ratio about 6.0% below normal (δ13C −6.0%). At the right combination of pressure and temperature, it gets trapped in clathrates fairly close to the surface of permafrost and in much larger quantities at continental margins (continental shelves and the deeper seabed close to them). Oceanic methane hydrates are usually found buried in sediments where the seawater is at least 300 m (980 ft) deep. They can be found up to about 2,000 m (6,600 ft) below the sea floor, but usually only about 1,100 m (3,600 ft) below the sea floor.[112]

The area covered by lava from the Siberian Traps eruptions is about twice as large as was originally thought, and most of the additional area was shallow sea at the time. The seabed probably contained methane hydrate deposits, and the lava caused the deposits to dissociate, releasing vast quantities of methane.[113]

One would expect a vast release of methane to cause significant global warming, since methane is a very powerful greenhouse gas. Strong evidence suggests the global temperatures increased by about 6°C (10.8°F) near the equator and therefore by more at higher latitudes: a sharp decrease in oxygen isotope ratios (18O/16O);[114] the extinction of Glossopteris flora (Glossopteris and plants that grew in the same areas), which needed a cold climate, and its replacement by floras typical of lower paleolatitudes.[115]

 

[flacaltenn]

Damn Brit Science Schools.. Always misspelling English words. And their dreadful choices of colours..

It's a THEORY Kosh.. Lighten up... Bad theories are not neccessarily conspiracies.. Everyone can have one. I usually have SEVERAL dreadful ones before I come up with a respectable one..

 

[westwall]

Carbon dioxide like Oxygen is good in sort percentages.

In the entire history of this planet there has never been a time when CO2 was at a level that was too much.

So the Permian-Triassic extinction event doesn't ring a bell?

The O2 levels are still rising and remember mr. flat earther, there was no free O2 in our atmosphere until around 1.8 to 1.7 billion years ago. Since then the O2 concentrations have been rising ever higher. None of the flat earhters ever deal with that fact either.

They are simpletons playing with simple computer models that give simple responses. All for a climactic system that is so complex that none of them can even get past the 1+1 stage.

So we are to believe, based on your complete lack of understanding of conditions that existed during the pre-Cambrian, that mankind's future rests on our ability to survive in a such a world? Really?

Why yes it does olfraud (seriously, you need to drop this sock puppet) and here are the best theories for the cause... You'll notice the TWO most likely causes center on COOLING. Not warmth. Show me any time in history when warmth killed. All you have is your computer generated science fiction to support your tall tales. The actual physical record shows that cold, and only cold is a killer.


"Speculated Causes of the Permian Extinction
Although the cause of the Permian mass extinction remains a debate, numerous theories have been formulated to explain the events of the extinction. One of the most current theories for the mass extinction of the Permian is an agent that has been also held responsible for the Ordovician and Devonian crises, glaciation on Gondwana. A similar glaciation event in the Permian would likely produce mass extinction in the same manner as previous, that is, by a global widespread cooling and/or worldwide lowering of sea level.





The Formation of Pangea

Another theory which explains the mass extinctions of the Permian is the reduction of shallow continental shelves due to the formation of the super-continent Pangea. Such a reduction in oceanic continental shelves would result in ecological competition for space, perhaps acting as an agent for extinction. However, although this is a viable theory, the formation of Pangea and the ensuing destruction of the continental shelves occurred in the early and middle Permian, and mass extinction did not occur until the late Permian.





Glaciation

A third possible mechanism for the Permian extinction is rapid warming and severe climatic fluctuations produced by concurrent glaciation events on the north and south poles. In temperate zones, there is evidence of significant cooling and drying in the sedimentological record, shown by thick sequences of dune sands and evaporites, while in the polar zones, glaciation was prominent. This caused severe climatic fluctuations around the globe, and is found by sediment record to be representative of when the Permian mass extinction occurred.





Volcanic Eruptions

The fourth and final suggestion that paleontologists have formulated credits the Permian mass extinction as a result of basaltic lava eruptions in Siberia. These volcanic eruptions were large and sent a quantity of sulphates into the atmosphere. Evidence in China supports that these volcanic eruptions may have been silica-rich, and thus explosive, a factor that would have produced large ash clouds around the world. The combination of sulphates in the atmosphere and the ejection of ash clouds may have lowered global climatic conditions. The age of the lava flows has also been dated to the interval in which the Permian mass extinction occurred."



Causes of the Permian Extinction

 

[westwall]

Carbon dioxide like Oxygen is good in sort percentages.

In the entire history of this planet there has never been a time when CO2 was at a level that was too much.

So the Permian-Triassic extinction event doesn't ring a bell?

The O2 levels are still rising and remember mr. flat earther, there was no free O2 in our atmosphere until around 1.8 to 1.7 billion years ago. Since then the O2 concentrations have been rising ever higher. None of the flat earhters ever deal with that fact either.

They are simpletons playing with simple computer models that give simple responses. All for a climactic system that is so complex that none of them can even get past the 1+1 stage.

So we are to believe, based on your complete lack of understanding of conditions that existed during the pre-Cambrian, that mankind's future rests on our ability to survive in a such a world? Really?

By all means tell us what was happening in the Pre-Cambrian. I am interested to hear what you have to say. Be specific.

 

[westwall]

So the Permian-Triassic extinction event doesn't ring a bell?



So we are to believe, based on your complete lack of understanding of conditions that existed during the pre-Cambrian, that mankind's future rests on our ability to survive in a such a world? Really?

Pin-pointing the exact cause (or causes) of the Permian–Triassic extinction event is a difficult undertaking, mostly because the catastrophe occurred over 250 million years ago, and much of the evidence that would have pointed to the cause has either been destroyed by now or is concealed deep within the Earth under many layers of rock.

Permian?Triassic extinction event - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

So saying that is based on too much CO2 is very misleading.

Except that there is plenty of evidence that volcanically derived CO2 was largely responsible for the event.

The Siberian Traps

No, there isn't. What is the result of volcanic eruptions today? Cooling. Not warming.

 

[RollingThunder]

In the entire history of this planet there has never been a time when CO2 was at a level that was too much.

So the Permian-Triassic extinction event doesn't ring a bell?

Why yes it does olfraud (seriously, you need to drop this sock puppet) and here are the best theories for the cause... You'll notice the TWO most likely causes center on COOLING. Not warmth. Show me any time in history when warmth killed. All you have is your computer generated science fiction to support your tall tales. The actual physical record shows that cold, and only cold is a killer.

"Speculated Causes of the Permian Extinction

A third possible mechanism for the Permian extinction is rapid warming and severe climatic fluctuations...

The fourth and final suggestion that paleontologists have formulated credits the Permian mass extinction as a result of basaltic lava eruptions in Siberia."

Oh, swell, walleyed, a virtual online 'museum' article written by god knows who, god knows how long ago. No references, no citations, no info.

Here's a report on the actual latest research, published last year in Science, that I find much more credible and in line with most of the other studies I've seen.

Extreme Global Warming May Have Caused Largest Extinction Ever
LiveScience
Charles Choi
October 18, 2012
(excerpts)
Feverishly hot ocean surface waters potentially reaching more than 104 degrees Fahrenheit (40 degrees Celsius) may have helped cause the greatest mass extinction in Earth's history, researchers say. "We may have found the hottest time the world has ever had," researcher Paul Wignall, a geologist at the University of Leeds in England, told LiveScience. The mass extinction at the end of the Permian Era about 250 million years ago was the greatest die-off in Earth's history. The cataclysm killed as much as 95 percent of the planet's species. One key factor behind this disaster was probably catastrophic volcanic activity in what is now Siberia that spewed out as much as 2.7 million square miles (7 million square kilometers) of lava, an area nearly as large as Australia. These eruptions might have released gases that damaged Earth's protective ozone layer. After the end-Permian mass extinction came a time "called the 'dead zone,'" Wignall said. "It's this 5-million-year period where there's no recovery, where there is a very low diversity of life." The dead zone apparently experienced a serious case of global warming, but the extremes this global warming reached were uncertain. To find out, scientists analyzed fossils dating from 253 million to 245 million years ago, shortly before and after the mass extinction.

"We've got a case of extreme global warming, the most extreme ever seen in the last 600 million years," Wignall said. "We think the main reason for the dead zone after the end-Permian is a very hot planet, particularly in equatorial parts of the world." The upper part of the ocean may have reached about 100 degrees F (38 degrees C), and sea-surface temperatures may have exceeded 104 degrees F (40 degrees C). For comparison, today's average annual sea-surface temperatures around the equator are 77 to 86 degrees F (25 to 30 degrees C). "Photosynthesis starts to shut down at about 35 degrees C [95 degrees F], and plants often start dying at temperatures above 40 degrees C [104 degrees F]," Wignall said. "This would explain why there's not much fossil record of plants at the end-Permian— for instance, there are no peat swamps forming, no coal-forming whatsoever. This was a huge, devastating extinction." Without plants to absorb carbon dioxide, more of this heat-trapping gas would stay in the atmosphere, driving up temperatures further. "There are other ways of taking carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere, but the planet lost a key way for millions of years," Wignall said. These lethally hot temperatures may explain why the regions at and near the equator were nearly uninhabited. Nearly all fish and marine reptiles were driven to higher latitudes, and those creatures that remained were often smaller, making it easier for them to shed any heat from their bodies. The scientists detailed their findings in the Oct. 19 issue of the journal Science.

 

[orogenicman]

Pin-pointing the exact cause (or causes) of the Permian–Triassic extinction event is a difficult undertaking, mostly because the catastrophe occurred over 250 million years ago, and much of the evidence that would have pointed to the cause has either been destroyed by now or is concealed deep within the Earth under many layers of rock.

Permian?Triassic extinction event - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

So saying that is based on too much CO2 is very misleading.

Except that there is plenty of evidence that volcanically derived CO2 was largely responsible for the event.

The Siberian Traps

No, there isn't. What is the result of volcanic eruptions today? Cooling. Not warming.

Don't confuse plinian eruptions with flood basalt eruptions. They are not the same thing. Plinian eruptions, such as occurred with Mt. Pinatubo, produces copious amounts of ash and sulfur dioxide which do cool the atmosphere, but only erupt for a relatively short period of time. Flood basalt eruptions don't produce a lot of ash, but instead emit copious amounts of CO2. The Siberian trapps were the very definition of a flood basalt eruption, and they erupted for hundreds of thousands of years, raising global temperature up to 10 degrees C above what it was prior to the eruptions. What's worse, it took ten million years for life to recover from the resulting mass extinction event.

 

[orogenicman]

In the entire history of this planet there has never been a time when CO2 was at a level that was too much.

So the Permian-Triassic extinction event doesn't ring a bell?

The O2 levels are still rising and remember mr. flat earther, there was no free O2 in our atmosphere until around 1.8 to 1.7 billion years ago. Since then the O2 concentrations have been rising ever higher. None of the flat earhters ever deal with that fact either.

They are simpletons playing with simple computer models that give simple responses. All for a climactic system that is so complex that none of them can even get past the 1+1 stage.

So we are to believe, based on your complete lack of understanding of conditions that existed during the pre-Cambrian, that mankind's future rests on our ability to survive in a such a world? Really?

By all means tell us what was happening in the Pre-Cambrian. I am interested to hear what you have to say. Be specific.

The point is, dumbass, do you truly believe that life as it exists today on this planet, particularly human life, can exist under pre-Cambrian conditions? Because you appear to believe that were that to occur, it would be a walk in the park.

 

[orogenicman]

Incorrect! Your link is to a Conspiracy web site and not based on any science, just like AGW. Goes to show that the AGW church member will believe anything.

Erm, the paleobiology and biodiversity research group page of the University of Bristol web site is a "conspiracy web site"? Some might think you've lost your mind. It is clear to me that you never had one to begin with.

YEs the site you linked to is a Conspiracy.

The Siberian Traps were the largest volcanic eruption in Earth history and they occurred right at the same time as the largest extinction event in Earth history.

Co-incidence?

That is how your link starts out. This has NEVER been proven. It is even rife with spelling errors, not sure how you can call it creditable to your cause. Although I do know that the church members will believe anything.

Seems to me that this was just an idea for a class to get a grade, most likely on-line and the coding and page design shows it very dated.

Oh-MY-GOD. Do you really want me to produce peer reviewed papers on what is widely considered to be the front-running geologic theory on the Permian-Triassic extinction event? Because, if that is what you need, I can produce a couple of dozen, at the least. Because this theory has been around for at least 15 years. I'm sorry that you didn't get the memo.

 

[orogenicman]

In the entire history of this planet there has never been a time when CO2 was at a level that was too much.

So the Permian-Triassic extinction event doesn't ring a bell?

The O2 levels are still rising and remember mr. flat earther, there was no free O2 in our atmosphere until around 1.8 to 1.7 billion years ago. Since then the O2 concentrations have been rising ever higher. None of the flat earhters ever deal with that fact either.

They are simpletons playing with simple computer models that give simple responses. All for a climactic system that is so complex that none of them can even get past the 1+1 stage.

So we are to believe, based on your complete lack of understanding of conditions that existed during the pre-Cambrian, that mankind's future rests on our ability to survive in a such a world? Really?

Why yes it does olfraud (seriously, you need to drop this sock puppet) and here are the best theories for the cause... You'll notice the TWO most likely causes center on COOLING. Not warmth. Show me any time in history when warmth killed. All you have is your computer generated science fiction to support your tall tales. The actual physical record shows that cold, and only cold is a killer.


"Speculated Causes of the Permian Extinction
Although the cause of the Permian mass extinction remains a debate, numerous theories have been formulated to explain the events of the extinction. One of the most current theories for the mass extinction of the Permian is an agent that has been also held responsible for the Ordovician and Devonian crises, glaciation on Gondwana. A similar glaciation event in the Permian would likely produce mass extinction in the same manner as previous, that is, by a global widespread cooling and/or worldwide lowering of sea level.





The Formation of Pangea

Another theory which explains the mass extinctions of the Permian is the reduction of shallow continental shelves due to the formation of the super-continent Pangea. Such a reduction in oceanic continental shelves would result in ecological competition for space, perhaps acting as an agent for extinction. However, although this is a viable theory, the formation of Pangea and the ensuing destruction of the continental shelves occurred in the early and middle Permian, and mass extinction did not occur until the late Permian.





Glaciation

A third possible mechanism for the Permian extinction is rapid warming and severe climatic fluctuations produced by concurrent glaciation events on the north and south poles. In temperate zones, there is evidence of significant cooling and drying in the sedimentological record, shown by thick sequences of dune sands and evaporites, while in the polar zones, glaciation was prominent. This caused severe climatic fluctuations around the globe, and is found by sediment record to be representative of when the Permian mass extinction occurred.





Volcanic Eruptions

The fourth and final suggestion that paleontologists have formulated credits the Permian mass extinction as a result of basaltic lava eruptions in Siberia. These volcanic eruptions were large and sent a quantity of sulphates into the atmosphere. Evidence in China supports that these volcanic eruptions may have been silica-rich, and thus explosive, a factor that would have produced large ash clouds around the world. The combination of sulphates in the atmosphere and the ejection of ash clouds may have lowered global climatic conditions. The age of the lava flows has also been dated to the interval in which the Permian mass extinction occurred."



Causes of the Permian Extinction

You chose an expose from the 1996 World's Fair? REALLY?

How about something more recent, something more professionally produced?

Age of the Emeishan flood magmatism and relations to Permian?Triassic boundary events

Abstract

The Permian–Triassic (P–T) mass extinction, the greatest biological mortality event in the Earth’s history, was probably caused by dramatic and global forcing mechanisms such as the Siberian flood volcanism. Here we present the first set of high-precision 40Ar/39Ar dating results of volcanic and intrusive rocks from the Emeishan Traps, South China, which define a main stage of the flood magmatism at ∼251–253 Ma and a subordinate precursory activity at ∼255 Ma. This time span is generally coeval with, or slightly older than, the age of the P–T boundary estimated by the ash beds in the Meishan stratotype section and the main eruption of the Siberian Traps. Our data reinforces the notion that the eruption of the Emeishan Traps, rather than eruption of the Siberian Traps, accounted for the formation of the P–T boundary ash beds in South China. The Emeishan flood magmatism, which occurred in the continental margin comprising thick marine limestone formations, moreover, may have triggered rapid release of large volumes of methane and carbon dioxide that could have been responsible for the global δ13C excursion and associated environmental crisis leading to the mass extinction at the P–T boundary.

 

[Abraham3]

By all means tell us what was happening in the Pre-Cambrian. I am interested to hear what you have to say. Be specific.

HAHAHAHAHahaaaahaahahaaaa.... oh jeez, now THAT was

PWNED ! ! !

 

[westwall]

So the Permian-Triassic extinction event doesn't ring a bell?

Why yes it does olfraud (seriously, you need to drop this sock puppet) and here are the best theories for the cause... You'll notice the TWO most likely causes center on COOLING. Not warmth. Show me any time in history when warmth killed. All you have is your computer generated science fiction to support your tall tales. The actual physical record shows that cold, and only cold is a killer.

"Speculated Causes of the Permian Extinction

A third possible mechanism for the Permian extinction is rapid warming and severe climatic fluctuations...

The fourth and final suggestion that paleontologists have formulated credits the Permian mass extinction as a result of basaltic lava eruptions in Siberia."

Oh, swell, walleyed, a virtual online 'museum' article written by god knows who, god knows how long ago. No references, no citations, no info.

Here's a report on the actual latest research, published last year in Science, that I find much more credible and in line with most of the other studies I've seen.

Extreme Global Warming May Have Caused Largest Extinction Ever
LiveScience
Charles Choi
October 18, 2012
(excerpts)
Feverishly hot ocean surface waters potentially reaching more than 104 degrees Fahrenheit (40 degrees Celsius) may have helped cause the greatest mass extinction in Earth's history, researchers say. "We may have found the hottest time the world has ever had," researcher Paul Wignall, a geologist at the University of Leeds in England, told LiveScience. The mass extinction at the end of the Permian Era about 250 million years ago was the greatest die-off in Earth's history. The cataclysm killed as much as 95 percent of the planet's species. One key factor behind this disaster was probably catastrophic volcanic activity in what is now Siberia that spewed out as much as 2.7 million square miles (7 million square kilometers) of lava, an area nearly as large as Australia. These eruptions might have released gases that damaged Earth's protective ozone layer. After the end-Permian mass extinction came a time "called the 'dead zone,'" Wignall said. "It's this 5-million-year period where there's no recovery, where there is a very low diversity of life." The dead zone apparently experienced a serious case of global warming, but the extremes this global warming reached were uncertain. To find out, scientists analyzed fossils dating from 253 million to 245 million years ago, shortly before and after the mass extinction.

"We've got a case of extreme global warming, the most extreme ever seen in the last 600 million years," Wignall said. "We think the main reason for the dead zone after the end-Permian is a very hot planet, particularly in equatorial parts of the world." The upper part of the ocean may have reached about 100 degrees F (38 degrees C), and sea-surface temperatures may have exceeded 104 degrees F (40 degrees C). For comparison, today's average annual sea-surface temperatures around the equator are 77 to 86 degrees F (25 to 30 degrees C). "Photosynthesis starts to shut down at about 35 degrees C [95 degrees F], and plants often start dying at temperatures above 40 degrees C [104 degrees F]," Wignall said. "This would explain why there's not much fossil record of plants at the end-Permian— for instance, there are no peat swamps forming, no coal-forming whatsoever. This was a huge, devastating extinction." Without plants to absorb carbon dioxide, more of this heat-trapping gas would stay in the atmosphere, driving up temperatures further. "There are other ways of taking carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere, but the planet lost a key way for millions of years," Wignall said. These lethally hot temperatures may explain why the regions at and near the equator were nearly uninhabited. Nearly all fish and marine reptiles were driven to higher latitudes, and those creatures that remained were often smaller, making it easier for them to shed any heat from their bodies. The scientists detailed their findings in the Oct. 19 issue of the journal Science.

"MAY HAVE" The most common language of the bunco artist. And you're too stupid or you're too heavily invested to see that.

 

[westwall]

Except that there is plenty of evidence that volcanically derived CO2 was largely responsible for the event.

The Siberian Traps

No, there isn't. What is the result of volcanic eruptions today? Cooling. Not warming.

Don't confuse plinian eruptions with flood basalt eruptions. They are not the same thing. Plinian eruptions, such as occurred with Mt. Pinatubo, produces copious amounts of ash and sulfur dioxide which do cool the atmosphere, but only erupt for a relatively short period of time. Flood basalt eruptions don't produce a lot of ash, but instead emit copious amounts of CO2. The Siberian trapps were the very definition of a flood basalt eruption, and they erupted for hundreds of thousands of years, raising global temperature up to 10 degrees C above what it was prior to the eruptions. What's worse, it took ten million years for life to recover from the resulting mass extinction event.

C'mon olfraud, you can do better than that, I hope. What about the Deccan Plateau eruptions? C'mon silly person if you're going to toss names around toss them all. And yes, flood basalt eruptions DO emit tons of ash, it's just heavier so falls out of the atmosphere faster.

Further SO2 is emitted from shield volcano's in greater quantities than any other type of volcano. Why does that matter you ask? Because shield volcano's are the best analog we have for a flood basalt eruption.


Volcanic Gases and Their Effects