Cancer Cures

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Here is the original abstract for the Houghton, et al report:

Melanoma / Sunspot Activity
Increased incidence of malignant melanoma after peaks of sunspot activity. - PubMed - NCBI


More on the Story of Taxol

'The modern history of this natural product began in 1962, when A. Barclay collected bark from Taxus brevifolia, the Pacific Yew tree, from forests in the northwestern United States as part of a joint project between the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the National Cancer Institute aimed at the discovery of new anticancer agents. An intense search for the cytotoxic principle led to the isolation of taxol in minute quantities. It has been estimated that the sacrifice of one 100-year-old yew tree would result in approximately only 300 mg of taxol, just about enough for one single does for a cancer patient. In a seminal paper, published in 1971, Wall, Wani, and coworkers reported the molecular structure of taxol on the basis of an X-ray crystallographic analysis.'
(Nicolau, Classic in Total Synthesis)

tbc....

 

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Taxol, continued....

'Taxol's journey to the clinic was slow and arduous. Initial difficulties with aqueous solubility and the lack of knowledge regarding its mechanism of action delayed its development until 1979, when, in another seminal paper in the field, S.B. Horwitz and her collaborators disclosed their findings on the interaction of taxol with microtubules. Taxol's unique biological action, whcih includes promotion of microtubule formation and microtubule stabilization, stimulated a renewed interest in taxol as a potential drug candidate. The problem of procuring adequate supplies of taxol became even more acute when environmentalists, concerned about the endangered spotted owl that lives in the northwestern United States, raised objections to the destruction of the ancient forests. A potential solution was found when 10-deacetylbaccatin III, a precursor of taxol lacking the C-10 acetoxy group and the C-13 side chain, was discovered in the needles and twigs ofr Taxus baccata, the European Yew tree. Harvesting this renewable source, followed by semisynthesis, allows the production ot taxol on a relatively large scale. In the meantime, synthetic chemists aroun d the world embarked on different schemes to synthesize taxol. In 1992, taxol was approved for the treatment of ovarian cancer by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and it held promise for the treatment of several other types of cancer including breast, lung, and melanoma. By the fall of 1995, three distinct total syntheses of taxol had been disclosed.'
(Classics, op cit)

 

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We will be linking amphibian world decline caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium to the sulfur-vanadium hypothesis, and compare frog skin chemistries to the peptide sequence of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).

Murine Breast Adenocarcinoma / Vanadium
(Note that in the sequence, vanadium is between Ti and Pt.)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28500584

Deep Sea Water / Vanadium
Potential Health Benefits of Deep Sea Water: A Review. - PubMed - NCBI

 

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Jun 2017 Russia
Serum trace elements are associated with hemostasis, lipid spectrum and inflammatory markers in men suffering from acute ischemic stroke. - PubMed - NCBI
'....Serum V and B tightly correlated with the procoagulant state and inflammatory markers....elements like vanadium and boron may be closely involved in stroke pathogenesis by modulation of hemostasis whereas the observed increase in Se levels may be considered as a compensatory reaction.'

Thanks go to the Russian Yersin for plague work in Vietnam, and the plague-selenium publicatioin from the University of New Mexico links to compensatory soil Se levels and the effects on vectors.

 

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''Amongst the most interesting features of this route to taxol are (a) the boron-mediated Diels-Alder reaction to provide an entry into the highly functionalzed C-ring framework; (b) application of Shapiro and McMurry reactions to couple the two ring systems and effect closure of the eight-membered ring; (c) the regio- and sterocontrolled incorporation of the oxygen functionalities of the eight-membered ring of taxol.'
(Nicolaou, Classic in Total Synthesis)

 

[RodISHI]

We will be linking amphibian world decline caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium to the sulfur-vanadium hypothesis, and compare frog skin chemistries to the peptide sequence of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).

Murine Breast Adenocarcinoma / Vanadium
(Note that in the sequence, vanadium is between Ti and Pt.)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28500584

Deep Sea Water / Vanadium
Potential Health Benefits of Deep Sea Water: A Review. - PubMed - NCBI

Why not just put restraints on glufosinate-P and salts thereof instead of trying to find a fix for what human greed has broken?

 

[badger2]

Herbicides cause the plant to grow so fast, that it dies. With MSH, there are connections with leptin, obesity and the hormones of satieity. In fact, compounds sequestered in frog skin are worth comparing to the peptide sequence of MSH. Some of these are litorin and bombesin. And is bombesin used in gynecology or not? Bombesin will lower body temperature by 4 degrees.

 

[RodISHI]

Glyphosate’s Suppression of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and Amino Acid Biosynthesis by the Gut Microbiome: Pathways to Modern Diseases http://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/15/4/1416/htm

Full Text - Applied and Environmental Microbiology - American Society ...
aem.asm.org/content/79/24/7646.full
by Q Gao - ‎2013 - ‎Cited by 15 - ‎Related articles
... glufosinate) before fungal transformation to obtain the complemented mutant (Comp). .... yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) and in a chytrid (Batrachochytrium ... In addition, cellular glycerol in the ΔmrGAT mutant was also significantly (P ...
Glycerol-3-Phosphate Acyltransferase Contributes to Triacylglycerol ...
aem.asm.org/content/79/24/7646.full.pdf
by Q Gao - ‎2013 - ‎Cited by 15 - ‎Related articles
Aug 28, 2013 - Applied and Environmental Microbiology p. 7646–7653 ... Bar (conferring resistance against ammonium glufosinate) before fungal transformation to obtain the .... a chytrid (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis). In contrast, two cop ...
1 CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE PEROXISOME AND THE ß-OXIDATION ...
www.jbc.org/content/early/2011/10/13/jbc.M111.279687.full.pdf
by P Magliano - ‎2011 - ‎Cited by 32 - ‎Related articles
Oct 13, 2011 - resistance to the herbicide glufosinate (dl- ..... Streit, W. R., and Entcheva, P. (2003) Appl. Microbiol. ..... Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis.
[PDF]Pesticide concentrations in frog tissue and wetland habitats in a ...
https://www.fsa.usda.gov/Internet/FSA_File/amphibian_pesticide_smalling.pdf
by KL Smalling - ‎2015 - ‎Cited by 39 - ‎Related articles
phibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Bd). Increased eutrophication due to ..... methylphosphonic acid (AMPA) and glufosinate by LC/MS/MS with ... ments (10 g) were spiked with trifluralin-d10, ring-13C-p,p′-DDE and.

 

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Bombesin
Bombesin - Wikipedia

Yesterday we mentioned migration of endothelial cells in pregnancy.

Endocrinology and Metabolism, Giraud A, et al, Mammalian Bombesin as a Hormone in Ovine Pregnancy: Ontogeny, Origin, and Molecular Forms
'....localized to epithelial cells of the decidua.'

 

[RodISHI]

Herbicides cause the plant to grow so fast, that it dies. With MSH, there are connections with leptin, obesity and the hormones of satieity. In fact, compounds sequestered in frog skin are worth comparing to the peptide sequence of MSH. Some of these are litorin and bombesin. And is bombesin used in gynecology or not? Bombesin will lower body temperature by 4 degrees.

That critter from which it was originally derived has a higher concentrations of Janthinobacterium lividum aka Bacillus lividus which gives it a better chance at surviving the chytrid fungal infections.

The Superhero in the Vagina

 

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Yes, though we must go back to Batrachochytrium in the webbing of Xenopus foot found in a museum in South Africa. That is how we may best address the issue of vanadium and sulfur upwellings due to El Nino on the Peruvian coast, in synch with plague outbreaks in that country. What were the parameters of forg skin before the pollution?

'Grossman: There are scattered alpha-melanocyte-stimulating-hormone-(MSH-secreting cells in the human pituitary, but they do not seem to be related to the residual pars intermedia and they don't seem to change in any uniform manner.

Gold: There has never been a a corroborated report alpha-MSH in human blood.

Grossman: Early studies suggested that alpha-MSH increased during pregnancy, but these were subsequently withdrawn. One occasionally finds aplha-MSH in the blood of patients with ectopic Cushing's syndrome, but this is not a pathological finding.'
(CIBA Foundation Symposium, 1993 pp. 30-58)

 

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Well now, you've lead us right back to fish, because the Janthinobacteria link to Chromobacterium on Noprth Atlantic Cod skin, and Chromobacterium does link to breast cancer: C. violaceum.

'Although there is little sequence homology between D(and its amidated form, E) and the bovine gamma-MSH sequence, their lack of melanotrophic activity compared with the two other dogfish peptides, alpha and berta MSH, and the poor activity of synthetic bovine MSH suggest their assignment as gamma-MSH peptides. It is interesting to note there that the unconservative substitutions in the core sequence of dogfish beta-MSH compared with bovine beta-MSH (Phe for Met and Gly for Glu) have maintained its potent MSH activity whilst both gamma-MSHs which have a more recognizable core sequence (Met-X-His-Phe-Arg-Trp) are comparatively inactive as melanotrophic peptides.
(Natural Occurence but Lack of Melanotrophic Activity og Gamma-MSH in Fish, Nature [1981] 290:341)

 

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Janthinobacterium lividum used to be called Chromobacterium lividum, and C. violaceum was found on the skin of cod in 1931 in the North Atlantic. Violacein is the active constituent used for breast cancer.

 

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Bombesin
Bombesin - Wikipedia

 

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UVC in California

'Intensity of UV radiation was measured with a UVX digital radiometer. Because UVC radiation was detected and intensity of UVB was too high based on preliminary experiments, UV light was filtered out through a sheet of Mylar-polyester. Fish in control group were exposed to fluorescent light.'
(Ramirez-Duarte WF, et al, Effects of Low Levels of Ultraviolet Radiation on Antioxidant Mechanisms of Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes), Chromosphere 2017 181: 304)

 

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Into Africa

We're going in at the mangroves of South Africa to make the melanoma connection:

South African Mangroves / Diplodia
Endophytic Botryosphaeriaceae, including five new species, associated with mangrove trees in South Africa. - PubMed - NCBI

Once again, changing names is always a job-security option, anbd we have aqlready mentioned the valine in the V600E / BRAF mutation in this thread: Diplodia is Sphaeropsis.

Sphaeropsidin A / Melanoma
Computed determination of the in vitro optimal chemocombinations of sphaeropsidin A with chemotherapeutic agents to combat melanomas. - PubMed - NCBI
'....forces melanoma cells to undergo apoptosis regardless of the genetic BRAF and NRAS status.'

 

[RodISHI]

Did it morph all on its own or did it have some help?
Phylogeny and pathogenicity of Lasiodiplodia species associated with dieback of mango in Peru
Individual and combined gene genealogies suggest that this Lasiodiplodia sp. is possibly a hybrid of Lasiodiplodia citricola and Lasiodiplodia parva. Apart from Lasiodiplodia theobromae, which was the most prevalent species, all other species are newly reported from Peru. Moreover, L. iraniensis is reported for the first time on mango. Inoculation trials of mango plants confirmed Koch's postulates, and revealed differences in aggressiveness among species and isolates.

 

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Taxol, continued

'A titanium-mediated pinacol coupling, also known as the McMurry coupling reaction, appeared particularly attractive. It is important at this point to acknowledge important precedent that encouraged the selection of this particular cyclization reaction. In 1986, Kende and his collaborators disclosed a convergent synthesis of a rather advanced tricyclic taxane triene via a strategy that features a McMurry coupling reaction. Although the yield for the crucial cyclization step was modest (23%), it was encouraging that the congested taxane carbon framework could be assembled through direct closure of the eight-membered B-ring.'
(Nicolaou, Classics, op cit)

Pinacol is 2,3-dimethylbutane-2,3-diol.

We compare moities in the synthesis of anti-cancer agents:

Butane-2,3-diol Moiety / Ruthenium II - Vanadium IV / Melanoma
Preliminary anti-cancer photodynamic therapeutic in vitro studies with mixed-metal binuclear ruthenium(II)-vanadium(IV) complexes. - PubMed - NCBI

 

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Nice connection, RodIshi!

 

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A certain Dr. Taylor went into the ghettos of London to ask of Africans what folk remedy was used for tuberculosis, coming upon the constituents from Pelargonia (a Geranium). The doctor was black-balled by the establishment. Nevertheless, decades later Taylor was exonerated when it was discovered that pelargonidin is a planar molecule that can penetrate the membrane of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the thickest biological membrane known.