8atman
Member
Oh, I agree --puzzling in ways you may not even realize.Explaining that Treaty of Tripoli is a puzzlement tho.
There is no original Treaty of Tripoli in existence in any language and there has not been for well over 200 years. The English version ratified by Congress was a copy of an Arabic version, which in itself was a copy of the Arabic original (which we do not have).
Article 11 contains the non-Christian nation phrase. There is no Article 11 in the Arabic copy. While it is not known where Article 11 comes from, it is suspected John Barlow himself inserted it into the treaty on his own accord. (Barlow was anti-Christian.)
At that point in time, George Washington, John Adams, and the Senate probably would have signed a document saying the moon was made of Swiss cheese if it meant saving the lives of American hostages at the hands of the Barbary Coast pirates. They werent going to take the time to re-draft the treaty and send it through all the diplomatic channels again.
The Spanish version of the treaty actually refers to Christian nations (meaning the United States in this case).
Even Barlows English version states several times, Praise be to God.
Perhaps most telling, when the treaty was re-negotiated in 1805 and 1806, the non-Christian phrase had been conspicuously removed.
Finally, the Treaty of Tripoli is not a founding document for the United States of America. By contrast, The Treaty of Paris, by which the government of Britain formally recognized the US as an independent nation and predates the Treaty of Tripoli, very much is a founding document.
The Treaty of Paris, 1783, opens with these words:
In the name of the most holy and undivided Trinity.
It having pleased the Divine Providence to dispose the hearts of the most serene and most potent Prince George the Third, by the grace of God...