No one refutes that fact. It has always been a black mark on FDR's record. He was ultimately responsible for the failures of the military and intelligence, particularly Navel intelligence. They were under his command and so as CiC, his responsibility. Bush was in the same position as CiC. While ultimately arguments can be made to minimize the "blame", traditionally the commanders in charge are always held responsible for what goes on under their command. They are held responsible for the actions or non actions of their subordinates and command structures. It is they that name and supervise that command structure.Pearl Harbor came on FDR's watch.