GM to sell only 0 emission cars by 2035

[BULLDOG]

By 2035?...yeah sure they will...the climate alarmist and their dependent greedy filthy corporations are always so willing to predict and pontificate about things 20 years from now....after most of us listening will be dead...and you suckers fall for it every time....

These village idiots don't realize our grid is a titter tatherd fucking mess. It will take yrs to upgrade it. How God damned dumb these people are.

Cool. Those construction workers who have been on that Keystone job can just start enlarging our electric grid. Win/Win!!

Yes, because electricity runs through pipelines.

Retard.

You think they don't need welders and operators and teamsters, an every other craft to build high line towers? They aren't designing the system. Engineers have already done that. Supervision will tell them what to do next. They just have to read a blueprint and build it.

"Learn to code."

Miners aren't pipeliners.

That's the standard leftist too-good-to-get-their-hands-dirty, contempt-for-the-working-man answer: "Learn to code."

Do you think it wold be more respectful to suggest some menial job that doesn't pay much?

You know what would be respectable? Not shutting down a project that's proven safer than every other means of transporting oil.

But no. Democrats don't give a shit about that.

You know what would be respectable? Appointing such a profligate polluter as climate czar.

Report: Kerry’s Private Jet Produced as Much Carbon as 36 Cars Last Year

According to flight logs obtained from aviation data firm FlightAware — which also has a flight tracking mobile app — Kerry’s family Gulfstream GIV-SP recorded about 22 hours and 22 minutes of flight time in 2020.

That’s equivalent to 166 metric tons of carbon — for flights between Feb. 9, 2020, and Jan. 10, 2021, as measured by Paramount Business Jets emissions calculator, Fox News said.

The typical passenger car produces about 4.6 metric tons of carbon, according to the Environmental Protection Agency, based on the assumption that it’s driven about 11,500 miles a year with a fuel economy of 22 miles per gallon.

So, Kerry's private jet, which operated only 22 and a third hours last year, produced as much CO2 as 36 average cars during the entire year.

And Kerry thinks YOU produce too much pollution and you should change how you live your life.

How hypocritical. And how typical that you agree with him.

Transporting the oil through lines that don't cross environmentally sensitive areas seems to be the best, safest idea yet.

"Environmentally sensitive". The pipeline passed through no area that was more environmentally sensitive than any other area.

So, no comment on Kerry's CO2 production? Is he entitled to it, perhaps?

People who actually know what they are talking about disagree with you about environmentally sensative areas.

 

[daveman]

By 2035?...yeah sure they will...the climate alarmist and their dependent greedy filthy corporations are always so willing to predict and pontificate about things 20 years from now....after most of us listening will be dead...and you suckers fall for it every time....

These village idiots don't realize our grid is a titter tatherd fucking mess. It will take yrs to upgrade it. How God damned dumb these people are.

Cool. Those construction workers who have been on that Keystone job can just start enlarging our electric grid. Win/Win!!

Yes, because electricity runs through pipelines.

Retard.

You think they don't need welders and operators and teamsters, an every other craft to build high line towers? They aren't designing the system. Engineers have already done that. Supervision will tell them what to do next. They just have to read a blueprint and build it.

"Learn to code."

Miners aren't pipeliners.

That's the standard leftist too-good-to-get-their-hands-dirty, contempt-for-the-working-man answer: "Learn to code."

Do you think it wold be more respectful to suggest some menial job that doesn't pay much?

You know what would be respectable? Not shutting down a project that's proven safer than every other means of transporting oil.

But no. Democrats don't give a shit about that.

You know what would be respectable? Appointing such a profligate polluter as climate czar.

Report: Kerry’s Private Jet Produced as Much Carbon as 36 Cars Last Year

According to flight logs obtained from aviation data firm FlightAware — which also has a flight tracking mobile app — Kerry’s family Gulfstream GIV-SP recorded about 22 hours and 22 minutes of flight time in 2020.

That’s equivalent to 166 metric tons of carbon — for flights between Feb. 9, 2020, and Jan. 10, 2021, as measured by Paramount Business Jets emissions calculator, Fox News said.

The typical passenger car produces about 4.6 metric tons of carbon, according to the Environmental Protection Agency, based on the assumption that it’s driven about 11,500 miles a year with a fuel economy of 22 miles per gallon.

So, Kerry's private jet, which operated only 22 and a third hours last year, produced as much CO2 as 36 average cars during the entire year.

And Kerry thinks YOU produce too much pollution and you should change how you live your life.

How hypocritical. And how typical that you agree with him.

Transporting the oil through lines that don't cross environmentally sensitive areas seems to be the best, safest idea yet.

"Environmentally sensitive". The pipeline passed through no area that was more environmentally sensitive than any other area.

So, no comment on Kerry's CO2 production? Is he entitled to it, perhaps?

People who actually know what they are talking about disagree with you about environmentally sensative areas.

You mean people who know more about leftist ideology than science.

 

[JimH52]

Don't

All these plans for this and no one mentioned what they are going to do about the YUGE lack of electric vehicle infrastructure.

They plan on building it.

They better start. Closest EV charging port to me is an hour away. And the closest one to that is about an hour and a half away.

It's worse than just the limited number of charging stations. The ones that DO exist may be capable of charging at 90 to 120 amps, but since they so often get installed with government grants, they are typically have very limited service from the breaker. This means you can hang out waiting for a charge that could be charging 3 or 4 times faster. When the government builds infrastructure for EVs, it is like having the government help small businesses with free floppy disk drives. The government is building an obsolete charging infrastructure, so it will have to be built again the right way in the coming years. The government won't even realize that we need the new infrastructure for many years.

You will be amazed at what can happen when energy companies see profit in it. Instead of drilling multi-million dollar holes in the ground, they will be running lines to charging stations all around the country.

What will be the source of the electricity?

Wind and solar...thanks for playin...

How do you make plastic and fertilizer with wind and solar?

Goid Grief! You really are as Stupid as every one says. You make electricity with wind and solar. You makes e everything else with the electricity. Use your Brain. Don't be an Idiot for the Liar in Chief.

Dear Diary:

Today, someone said you can make plastic with only electricity.

No, really, he actually said that. And what's worse -- he believes it. And even worse than that -- he believes he's intellectually superior.

Don't be an idiot like your King who is destroying the GOP. The big producer of carbon is the belching automobiles. There will always be petroleum to produce synthetics and plastics. You are moving the goalpost...sort of like your King in Florida likes to do. We are talking about the inevitable death of fossil fuel powered cars.....not the production of plastics. I have wanted to IGNORE you for a long time. Bye!

 

[Flash]

I don't buy American made cars because:

1. They are built by the UAW and that is despicable. They are a cash cow of the filthy Democrat Party.

2. With a couple of exceptions like the Ford 150 trucks the vehicles mostly suck.

Adding this stupid emmision standard to GM vehicles is just another reason to tell them to go fuck themselves.

 

[JimH52]

I don't buy American made cars because:

1. They are built by the UAW and that is despicable. They are a cash cow of the filthy Democrat Party.

2. With a couple of exceptions like the Ford 150 trucks the vehicles mostly suck.

Adding this stupid emmision standard to GM vehicles is just another reason to tell them to go fuck themselves.

Really? You do realize that all car makers are going electric. You will be buying electric soon. And since you are a trumpian....you obviously do not believe his whine.....AMERICA FIRST!

 

[Flash]

I don't buy American made cars because:

1. They are built by the UAW and that is despicable. They are a cash cow of the filthy Democrat Party.

2. With a couple of exceptions like the Ford 150 trucks the vehicles mostly suck.

Adding this stupid emmision standard to GM vehicles is just another reason to tell them to go fuck themselves.

Really? You do realize that all car makers are going electric. You will be buying electric soon. And since you are a trumpian....you obviously do not believe his whine.....AMERICA FIRST!

I have my gas guzzling Tundra made in Texas by non union workers.

Electric cars are for queers, Useful Idiots and transsexuals.

 

[Flash]

Electric cars will fail just like all other dumbass Environmental Wacko ideas.

None would even be produced or bought without filthy ass government subsides.

 

[daveman]

Don't

All these plans for this and no one mentioned what they are going to do about the YUGE lack of electric vehicle infrastructure.

They plan on building it.

They better start. Closest EV charging port to me is an hour away. And the closest one to that is about an hour and a half away.

It's worse than just the limited number of charging stations. The ones that DO exist may be capable of charging at 90 to 120 amps, but since they so often get installed with government grants, they are typically have very limited service from the breaker. This means you can hang out waiting for a charge that could be charging 3 or 4 times faster. When the government builds infrastructure for EVs, it is like having the government help small businesses with free floppy disk drives. The government is building an obsolete charging infrastructure, so it will have to be built again the right way in the coming years. The government won't even realize that we need the new infrastructure for many years.

You will be amazed at what can happen when energy companies see profit in it. Instead of drilling multi-million dollar holes in the ground, they will be running lines to charging stations all around the country.

What will be the source of the electricity?

Wind and solar...thanks for playin...

How do you make plastic and fertilizer with wind and solar?

Goid Grief! You really are as Stupid as every one says. You make electricity with wind and solar. You makes e everything else with the electricity. Use your Brain. Don't be an Idiot for the Liar in Chief.

Dear Diary:

Today, someone said you can make plastic with only electricity.

No, really, he actually said that. And what's worse -- he believes it. And even worse than that -- he believes he's intellectually superior.

Don't be an idiot like your King who is destroying the GOP. The big producer of carbon is the belching automobiles. There will always be petroleum to produce synthetics and plastics. You are moving the goalpost...sort of like your King in Florida likes to do. We are talking about the inevitable death of fossil fuel powered cars.....not the production of plastics. I have wanted to IGNORE you for a long time. Bye!

I asked you a question. You fucked up in an insanely huge fashion. And now you blame it on me.

Fuck off.

 

[daveman]

I don't buy American made cars because:

1. They are built by the UAW and that is despicable. They are a cash cow of the filthy Democrat Party.

2. With a couple of exceptions like the Ford 150 trucks the vehicles mostly suck.

Adding this stupid emmision standard to GM vehicles is just another reason to tell them to go fuck themselves.

I haven't supported GM for years, for:

1. Not paying back the bailout, and

2. GM's Cadillac plant in China sponsored a film about the Communist party in China.

 

[Hang on Sloopy]

By 2035?...yeah sure they will...the climate alarmist and their dependent greedy filthy corporations are always so willing to predict and pontificate about things 20 years from now....after most of us listening will be dead...and you suckers fall for it every time....

These village idiots don't realize our grid is a titter tatherd fucking mess. It will take yrs to upgrade it. How God damned dumb these people are.

Cool. Those construction workers who have been on that Keystone job can just start enlarging our electric grid. Win/Win!!

Yes, because electricity runs through pipelines.

Retard.

You think they don't need welders and operators and teamsters, an every other craft to build high line towers? They aren't designing the system. Engineers have already done that. Supervision will tell them what to do next. They just have to read a blueprint and build it.

"Learn to code."

Miners aren't pipeliners.

That's the standard leftist too-good-to-get-their-hands-dirty, contempt-for-the-working-man answer: "Learn to code."

Do you think it wold be more respectful to suggest some menial job that doesn't pay much?

You know what would be respectable? Not shutting down a project that's proven safer than every other means of transporting oil.

But no. Democrats don't give a shit about that.

You know what would be respectable? Appointing such a profligate polluter as climate czar.

Report: Kerry’s Private Jet Produced as Much Carbon as 36 Cars Last Year

According to flight logs obtained from aviation data firm FlightAware — which also has a flight tracking mobile app — Kerry’s family Gulfstream GIV-SP recorded about 22 hours and 22 minutes of flight time in 2020.

That’s equivalent to 166 metric tons of carbon — for flights between Feb. 9, 2020, and Jan. 10, 2021, as measured by Paramount Business Jets emissions calculator, Fox News said.

The typical passenger car produces about 4.6 metric tons of carbon, according to the Environmental Protection Agency, based on the assumption that it’s driven about 11,500 miles a year with a fuel economy of 22 miles per gallon.

So, Kerry's private jet, which operated only 22 and a third hours last year, produced as much CO2 as 36 average cars during the entire year.

And Kerry thinks YOU produce too much pollution and you should change how you live your life.

How hypocritical. And how typical that you agree with him.

"Elections have consequences"

deal with it...Your King in Florida is turning the GOP into a cult that promotes lies and conspiracy theories. He has successfully lost the White House and the Senate. Keep humping his leg and he will turn the GOP into the the party that was.....

Deal with what? none of this shit effects me...Pffftttt. I live far from an area

By 2035?...yeah sure they will...the climate alarmist and their dependent greedy filthy corporations are always so willing to predict and pontificate about things 20 years from now....after most of us listening will be dead...and you suckers fall for it every time....

These village idiots don't realize our grid is a titter tatherd fucking mess. It will take yrs to upgrade it. How God damned dumb these people are.

Cool. Those construction workers who have been on that Keystone job can just start enlarging our electric grid. Win/Win!!

Yes, because electricity runs through pipelines.

Retard.

You think they don't need welders and operators and teamsters, an every other craft to build high line towers? They aren't designing the system. Engineers have already done that. Supervision will tell them what to do next. They just have to read a blueprint and build it.

"Learn to code."

Miners aren't pipeliners.

That's the standard leftist too-good-to-get-their-hands-dirty, contempt-for-the-working-man answer: "Learn to code."

Do you think it wold be more respectful to suggest some menial job that doesn't pay much?

You know what would be respectable? Not shutting down a project that's proven safer than every other means of transporting oil.

But no. Democrats don't give a shit about that.

You know what would be respectable? Appointing such a profligate polluter as climate czar.

Report: Kerry’s Private Jet Produced as Much Carbon as 36 Cars Last Year

According to flight logs obtained from aviation data firm FlightAware — which also has a flight tracking mobile app — Kerry’s family Gulfstream GIV-SP recorded about 22 hours and 22 minutes of flight time in 2020.

That’s equivalent to 166 metric tons of carbon — for flights between Feb. 9, 2020, and Jan. 10, 2021, as measured by Paramount Business Jets emissions calculator, Fox News said.

The typical passenger car produces about 4.6 metric tons of carbon, according to the Environmental Protection Agency, based on the assumption that it’s driven about 11,500 miles a year with a fuel economy of 22 miles per gallon.

So, Kerry's private jet, which operated only 22 and a third hours last year, produced as much CO2 as 36 average cars during the entire year.

And Kerry thinks YOU produce too much pollution and you should change how you live your life.

How hypocritical. And how typical that you agree with him.

Transporting the oil through lines that don't cross environmentally sensitive areas seems to be the best, safest idea yet.

"Environmentally sensitive". The pipeline passed through no area that was more environmentally sensitive than any other area.

So, no comment on Kerry's CO2 production? Is he entitled to it, perhaps?

People who actually know what they are talking about disagree with you about environmentally sensative areas.

You mean people who know more about leftist ideology than science.

geeezzz. I keep getting alerts from you 2 thinking you are talking to me...lol.......Is that a chick or dude you are talking to...or is it a any given day gender?

 

[daveman]

By 2035?...yeah sure they will...the climate alarmist and their dependent greedy filthy corporations are always so willing to predict and pontificate about things 20 years from now....after most of us listening will be dead...and you suckers fall for it every time....

These village idiots don't realize our grid is a titter tatherd fucking mess. It will take yrs to upgrade it. How God damned dumb these people are.

Cool. Those construction workers who have been on that Keystone job can just start enlarging our electric grid. Win/Win!!

Yes, because electricity runs through pipelines.

Retard.

You think they don't need welders and operators and teamsters, an every other craft to build high line towers? They aren't designing the system. Engineers have already done that. Supervision will tell them what to do next. They just have to read a blueprint and build it.

"Learn to code."

Miners aren't pipeliners.

That's the standard leftist too-good-to-get-their-hands-dirty, contempt-for-the-working-man answer: "Learn to code."

Do you think it wold be more respectful to suggest some menial job that doesn't pay much?

You know what would be respectable? Not shutting down a project that's proven safer than every other means of transporting oil.

But no. Democrats don't give a shit about that.

You know what would be respectable? Appointing such a profligate polluter as climate czar.

Report: Kerry’s Private Jet Produced as Much Carbon as 36 Cars Last Year

According to flight logs obtained from aviation data firm FlightAware — which also has a flight tracking mobile app — Kerry’s family Gulfstream GIV-SP recorded about 22 hours and 22 minutes of flight time in 2020.

That’s equivalent to 166 metric tons of carbon — for flights between Feb. 9, 2020, and Jan. 10, 2021, as measured by Paramount Business Jets emissions calculator, Fox News said.

The typical passenger car produces about 4.6 metric tons of carbon, according to the Environmental Protection Agency, based on the assumption that it’s driven about 11,500 miles a year with a fuel economy of 22 miles per gallon.

So, Kerry's private jet, which operated only 22 and a third hours last year, produced as much CO2 as 36 average cars during the entire year.

And Kerry thinks YOU produce too much pollution and you should change how you live your life.

How hypocritical. And how typical that you agree with him.

"Elections have consequences"

deal with it...Your King in Florida is turning the GOP into a cult that promotes lies and conspiracy theories. He has successfully lost the White House and the Senate. Keep humping his leg and he will turn the GOP into the the party that was.....

Deal with what? none of this shit effects me...Pffftttt. I live far from an area

By 2035?...yeah sure they will...the climate alarmist and their dependent greedy filthy corporations are always so willing to predict and pontificate about things 20 years from now....after most of us listening will be dead...and you suckers fall for it every time....

These village idiots don't realize our grid is a titter tatherd fucking mess. It will take yrs to upgrade it. How God damned dumb these people are.

Cool. Those construction workers who have been on that Keystone job can just start enlarging our electric grid. Win/Win!!

Yes, because electricity runs through pipelines.

Retard.

You think they don't need welders and operators and teamsters, an every other craft to build high line towers? They aren't designing the system. Engineers have already done that. Supervision will tell them what to do next. They just have to read a blueprint and build it.

"Learn to code."

Miners aren't pipeliners.

That's the standard leftist too-good-to-get-their-hands-dirty, contempt-for-the-working-man answer: "Learn to code."

Do you think it wold be more respectful to suggest some menial job that doesn't pay much?

You know what would be respectable? Not shutting down a project that's proven safer than every other means of transporting oil.

But no. Democrats don't give a shit about that.

You know what would be respectable? Appointing such a profligate polluter as climate czar.

Report: Kerry’s Private Jet Produced as Much Carbon as 36 Cars Last Year

According to flight logs obtained from aviation data firm FlightAware — which also has a flight tracking mobile app — Kerry’s family Gulfstream GIV-SP recorded about 22 hours and 22 minutes of flight time in 2020.

That’s equivalent to 166 metric tons of carbon — for flights between Feb. 9, 2020, and Jan. 10, 2021, as measured by Paramount Business Jets emissions calculator, Fox News said.

The typical passenger car produces about 4.6 metric tons of carbon, according to the Environmental Protection Agency, based on the assumption that it’s driven about 11,500 miles a year with a fuel economy of 22 miles per gallon.

So, Kerry's private jet, which operated only 22 and a third hours last year, produced as much CO2 as 36 average cars during the entire year.

And Kerry thinks YOU produce too much pollution and you should change how you live your life.

How hypocritical. And how typical that you agree with him.

Transporting the oil through lines that don't cross environmentally sensitive areas seems to be the best, safest idea yet.

"Environmentally sensitive". The pipeline passed through no area that was more environmentally sensitive than any other area.

So, no comment on Kerry's CO2 production? Is he entitled to it, perhaps?

People who actually know what they are talking about disagree with you about environmentally sensative areas.

You mean people who know more about leftist ideology than science.

geeezzz. I keep getting alerts from you 2 thinking you are talking to me...lol.......Is that a chick or dude you are talking to...or is it a any given day gender?

Don't know, don't care.

 

[EvMetro]

Electric cars are superior to fossil fuels cars, but there is nowhere near the infrastructure needed for Evs to be the primary type of vehicles on the road. The lefties on this thread have no idea where the electricity would come from, or even how much would be needed.

 

[BULLDOG]

Electric cars are superior to fossil fuels cars, but there is nowhere near the infrastructure needed for Evs to be the primary type of vehicles on the road. The lefties on this thread have no idea where the electricity would come from, or even how much would be needed.

In the early 20th century,there was nowhere near the infrastructure for gas powered cars. No cars ment no gas stations or hard surfaced roads. Our government spent massive amounts of money to build roads before there were anywhere near enough cars to justify the expense, and gave huge grants, that continue till this day, to oil companies, so they would build and supply gas stations in towns that didn't even have any cars yet. Without extensive government support and funding, The US would have never become motorized in such a short period of time as we did.

 

[Devils_Advocate]

GM plans to sell only zero-emission models by 2035

The pledge is a bold embrace by the automaker of emission-reduction goals set by...

www.houstonchronicle.com

Fossil Fuel is on the way out. It will follow the way of coal.

Nope, fossil fuel will still be needed forever. Electricity has to come from somewhere.

Nuclear, wind and solar will be the future as it should be with limited amount of coal, natural gas and petro being used...

 

[Devils_Advocate]

Electric cars are superior to fossil fuels cars, but there is nowhere near the infrastructure needed for Evs to be the primary type of vehicles on the road. The lefties on this thread have no idea where the electricity would come from, or even how much would be needed.

In the early 20th century,there was nowhere near the infrastructure for gas powered cars. No cars ment no gas stations or hard surfaced roads. Our government spent massive amounts of money to build roads before there were anywhere near enough cars to justify the expense, and gave huge grants, that continue till this day, to oil companies, so they would build and supply gas stations in towns that didn't even have any cars yet. Without extensive government support and funding, The US would have never become motorized in such a short period of time as we did.

So what you are saying America need another Ike to get us going towards the 22nd century and not living in the 20th century...

 

[BULLDOG]

Electric cars are superior to fossil fuels cars, but there is nowhere near the infrastructure needed for Evs to be the primary type of vehicles on the road. The lefties on this thread have no idea where the electricity would come from, or even how much would be needed.

In the early 20th century,there was nowhere near the infrastructure for gas powered cars. No cars ment no gas stations or hard surfaced roads. Our government spent massive amounts of money to build roads before there were anywhere near enough cars to justify the expense, and gave huge grants, that continue till this day, to oil companies, so they would build and supply gas stations in towns that didn't even have any cars yet. Without extensive government support and funding, The US would have never become motorized in such a short period of time as we did.

So what you are saying America need another Ike to get us going towards the 22nd century and not living in the 20th century...

I'm saying an investment in new technology now will help us and save us money in the future.

 

[Devils_Advocate]

Electric cars are superior to fossil fuels cars, but there is nowhere near the infrastructure needed for Evs to be the primary type of vehicles on the road. The lefties on this thread have no idea where the electricity would come from, or even how much would be needed.

In the early 20th century,there was nowhere near the infrastructure for gas powered cars. No cars ment no gas stations or hard surfaced roads. Our government spent massive amounts of money to build roads before there were anywhere near enough cars to justify the expense, and gave huge grants, that continue till this day, to oil companies, so they would build and supply gas stations in towns that didn't even have any cars yet. Without extensive government support and funding, The US would have never become motorized in such a short period of time as we did.

So what you are saying America need another Ike to get us going towards the 22nd century and not living in the 20th century...

I'm saying an investment in new technology now will help us and save us money in the future.

Take a moment and realize before Ike became President our nation road system was horrible and he ushered us into the future at that time with a better highway system along with other stuff like NASA which got us into Space...

So America need a leader like that and not those that talk big but do little...

 

[EvMetro]

Electric cars are superior to fossil fuels cars, but there is nowhere near the infrastructure needed for Evs to be the primary type of vehicles on the road. The lefties on this thread have no idea where the electricity would come from, or even how much would be needed.

In the early 20th century,there was nowhere near the infrastructure for gas powered cars. No cars ment no gas stations or hard surfaced roads. Our government spent massive amounts of money to build roads before there were anywhere near enough cars to justify the expense, and gave huge grants, that continue till this day, to oil companies, so they would build and supply gas stations in towns that didn't even have any cars yet. Without extensive government support and funding, The US would have never become motorized in such a short period of time as we did.

It sounds like you are saying that you still have no idea where the electricity would come from, but that you have faith that big government will provide an answer.

 

[wamose]

That'll never happen.

 

[EvMetro]

GM plans to sell only zero-emission models by 2035

The pledge is a bold embrace by the automaker of emission-reduction goals set by...

www.houstonchronicle.com

Fossil Fuel is on the way out. It will follow the way of coal.

Nope, fossil fuel will still be needed forever. Electricity has to come from somewhere.

Nuclear, wind and solar will be the future as it should be with limited amount of coal, natural gas and petro being used...

I doubt anybody would be promoting the notion that wind or solar will power all the vehicles on the road if they had any idea how many solar panels were needed to charge just one EV with 40 to 50 KWh, how much those panels cost, and the life expectancy of them. The notion that solar panels will be charging all the vehicles in the future is a pipe dream.